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Publication
Estilos educativos parentais e ajustamento psicológico na adolescência: Uma abordagem dimensional
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho desenvolveu-se através de uma abordagem dimensional, com o objetivo de
compreender que relações se estabelecem entre os estilos educativos parentais percebidos pelos
adolescentes e o seu ajustamento psicológico, a par de paralelamente, se propor a analisar como se
caracterizam e diferenciam estes constructos mediante o efeito de algumas variáveis. Este estudo
de design transversal estruturou-se através de uma metodologia de carácter quantitativo, do tipo
correlacional e comparativo, no qual colaboraram 118 estudantes com idades compreendidas entre
os 12 e os 18 anos e com frequência do 3.º ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário, de duas
escolas públicas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um protocolo online, constituído pelo
Questionário de Estilos Educativos Parentais revisto (QEEP-r); e Questionário de Avaliação da
Personalidade para Crianças e Adolescentes (QAP). Os principais resultados sugerem congruência
com os estudos realizados anteriormente, onde (1) os adolescentes percecionam os estilos
educativos parentais de forma diferenciada para o pai e para a mãe, sendo que (2) as mães são
percebidas pelas raparigas com níveis mais elevados de clima positivo. Em termos do seu
ajustamento psicológico, os estudantes revelaram que (3) é no 3.º ciclo que se percecionam níveis
mais elevados de dependência, enquanto que (4) no ensino secundário se evidencia uma visão mais
negativa do mundo, sendo ainda (5) as raparigas quem se percebe como mais dependente e com
menor autoestima. Como principal conclusão (6) verificou-se existir uma correlação negativa
significativa entre os estilos educativos parentais e o desajustamento psicológico nos adolescentes,
constatando-se que a forma como é percecionado o funcionamento dos progenitores está de fato
associado ao bem-estar do individuo.
ABSTRACT: The present research was developed through a dimensional approach, with the purpose of understanding what relationships are established between the parenting styles perceived by adolescents and their psychological adjustment, as well as analyzing how these constructs are characterized and differentiated through the effect of some variables. Regarding the methodology, this quantitative cross-sectional study was structured through correlational and comparative methods, with 118 students aged between 12 and 18 years old and attending the Middle School and High School, from two public schools. Data were collected from an online protocol, consisting of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire revised (QEEP-r); and Personality Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (QAP). The main results suggest congruence with previous studies, considering that (1) adolescents perceive parenting styles differently for fathers and mothers, and (2) mothers are perceived by girls with higher levels of positive climate. In terms of their psychological adjustment, the students revealed that (3) it’s in Midlle School that higher levels of dependence are perceived, while (4) in High School a more negative view of the world is evident, and that (5) girls perceive themselves as more dependent and with lower self-esteem. As a main conclusion (6) it was verified that there is a significant negative correlation between the parenting educational styles and psychological maladjustment in adolescents, confirming that the way in which the functioning of the parents is perceived is in fact associated with an individual well-being.
ABSTRACT: The present research was developed through a dimensional approach, with the purpose of understanding what relationships are established between the parenting styles perceived by adolescents and their psychological adjustment, as well as analyzing how these constructs are characterized and differentiated through the effect of some variables. Regarding the methodology, this quantitative cross-sectional study was structured through correlational and comparative methods, with 118 students aged between 12 and 18 years old and attending the Middle School and High School, from two public schools. Data were collected from an online protocol, consisting of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire revised (QEEP-r); and Personality Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (QAP). The main results suggest congruence with previous studies, considering that (1) adolescents perceive parenting styles differently for fathers and mothers, and (2) mothers are perceived by girls with higher levels of positive climate. In terms of their psychological adjustment, the students revealed that (3) it’s in Midlle School that higher levels of dependence are perceived, while (4) in High School a more negative view of the world is evident, and that (5) girls perceive themselves as more dependent and with lower self-esteem. As a main conclusion (6) it was verified that there is a significant negative correlation between the parenting educational styles and psychological maladjustment in adolescents, confirming that the way in which the functioning of the parents is perceived is in fact associated with an individual well-being.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de Grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Educacional.
Keywords
Parentalidade Perceções dos Adolescentes Estilos Educativos Parentais Ajustamento Psicológico Parenting Adolescent’s perceptions Parenting educational styles Psychological adjustment