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Publication
O populismo como assassino da alma : regressão e recurso a defesas primitivas
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em muitos países do mundo, numa tendência que aparenta ser global, os populismos têm crescido de forma acentuada e consistente ao longo dos últimos anos. Este fenómeno está a gerar uma preocupação crescente entre muitos profissionais de saúde mental, designadamente psicólogos e psicanalistas, pois as características desses movimentos parecem desencadear nas pessoas o recurso a um funcionamento primitivo, com a utilização de mecanismos de defesa não-adaptativos, designadamente a clivagem. Neste estudo procurámos averiguar se se confirma empiricamente o aumento do recurso à clivagem com a exposição a discursos populistas. Para tal, delineámos um estudo quasi-experimental, no qual os 151 participantes foram divididos em três grupos, um dos quais recebeu como estímulo um texto com um discurso populista de direita, outro com um discurso populista de esquerda e um último com um discurso não populista. Através da escala Splitting Index avaliou-se a elicitação do mecanismo de defesa clivagem em cada um dos grupos. De forma paradoxal relativamente ao delineado no Splitting Index, mas confirmando as posições defendidas na literatura sobre o tema, conclui-se que o estímulo populista de direita desencadeia níveis mais elevados de clivagem no domínio Clivagem da Imagem dos Outros, em comparação com o estímulo não populista, e que o estímulo populista de esquerda é o que menos desencadeia a clivagem nesse domínio.
In many countries of the world, in what appears to be a global trend, populism has grown dramatically and consistently over the past few years. This phenomenon is generating growing concern among many mental health professionals, namely psychologists and psychoanalysts, as populism seems to trigger primitive states on people, conducting them to the use of non-adaptive defense mechanisms, namely the splitting. In this study, we sought to empirically verify if the exposure to populist discourses increases the use of splitting. To do so, we outlined a quasi-experimental study, in which 151 participants were divided into three groups. One of them received as a stimulus a text with a right-wing populist speech, another group received a left-wing populist speech and a last group received a non-populist speech. Through the Splitting Index scale, we evaluated the use of the splitting defense mechanism in each of the groups. Paradoxically in relation to what is outlined by the instrument, but confirming the positions expressed in the literature on the subject, it is concluded that the right-wing populist stimulus triggers higher levels of splitting on the domain Splitting of the Image of Others, than the non-populist stimulus, and the left-wing stimulus is the one that produces less levels of splitting on that domain.
In many countries of the world, in what appears to be a global trend, populism has grown dramatically and consistently over the past few years. This phenomenon is generating growing concern among many mental health professionals, namely psychologists and psychoanalysts, as populism seems to trigger primitive states on people, conducting them to the use of non-adaptive defense mechanisms, namely the splitting. In this study, we sought to empirically verify if the exposure to populist discourses increases the use of splitting. To do so, we outlined a quasi-experimental study, in which 151 participants were divided into three groups. One of them received as a stimulus a text with a right-wing populist speech, another group received a left-wing populist speech and a last group received a non-populist speech. Through the Splitting Index scale, we evaluated the use of the splitting defense mechanism in each of the groups. Paradoxically in relation to what is outlined by the instrument, but confirming the positions expressed in the literature on the subject, it is concluded that the right-wing populist stimulus triggers higher levels of splitting on the domain Splitting of the Image of Others, than the non-populist stimulus, and the left-wing stimulus is the one that produces less levels of splitting on that domain.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Prof. Doutor Csongor Juhos, apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Populismo Psicanálise Clivagem Populism Psychoanalysis Splitting