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Publication
O impacto do teatro playback na empatia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Teatro Playback (TP) é um tipo de teatro de improviso em que são representadas,
em palco histórias pessoais, partilhadas pela audiência, o que promove a escuta ativa e empática
dos envolvidos neste tipo de sessões. O conceito de empatia tem sido amplamente estudado e,
embora não exista uma definição consensual na literatura, os teóricos definem-na, de forma
genérica, como sendo a capacidade de compreender os sentimentos e as vivências das outras
pessoas.
Alguns estudos realizados comprovam a existência de uma correlação entre a prática
de Teatro Playback e o aumento dos níveis de empatia, sendo que a ideia desta dissertação
surgiu da necessidade de aprofundamento desta temática.
Foi, então, realizada uma investigação no âmbito do projeto “Dar Palco à Diferença”
(DPD) que consistiu na aplicação de questionários a participantes de três companhias de Teatro
Playback (TP), com idades entre os 19 e os 68 anos, com o objetivo de medir um conjunto de
variáveis, entre as quais, a empatia em fase de pré-teste (N=39) e pós-teste (N=20). De salientar
que 16 participantes responderam às duas fases do estudo.
Como instrumento de medida da variável empatia, foi utilizada a BES-A, versão
adaptada da Escala de Empatia Básica, desenvolvida por Jolliffe e Farrington, composta por 7
itens, divididos em duas subescalas, empatia afetiva e empatia cognitiva.
Não foi possível concluir, de forma estatisticamente significativa, que a intervenção
tenha tido efeito na melhoria dos níveis de empatia dos participantes, tendo sido,
consequentemente, discutidas limitações metodológicas e sugestões para estudos futuros.
ABSTRACT: Playback theater (TP) is a type of improvisational theater in which personal stories shared by the audience are acted out on stage, which promotes active and empathetic listening by those involved in this type of session. The concept of empathy has been widely studied and, although there is no consensual definition in the literature, theorists generally define it as the ability to understand other people's feelings and experiences. Some studies have shown that there is a correlation between the practice of Playback Theater and increased levels of empathy, and the idea for this dissertation arose from the need to delve deeper into this subject. Research was therefore carried out as part of the "Dar Palco à Diferença" (DPD) project, which consisted of administering questionnaires to participants from three Playback Theatre (TP) companies, aged between 19 and 68, with the aim of measuring a number of variables, including empathy in the pre-test (N=39) and post-test (N=20) phases. It should be noted that 16 participants responded to both phases of the study. The instrument used to measure the empathy variable was the BES-A, an adapted version of the Basic Empathy Scale, developed by Jolliffe and Farrington, made up of 7 items, divided into two sub-scales, Affective empathy and Cognitive Empathy. It was not possible to conclude, in a statistically significant way, that the intervention had an effect on improving the participants' levels of empathy, and methodological limitations and suggestions for future studies were therefore discussed.
ABSTRACT: Playback theater (TP) is a type of improvisational theater in which personal stories shared by the audience are acted out on stage, which promotes active and empathetic listening by those involved in this type of session. The concept of empathy has been widely studied and, although there is no consensual definition in the literature, theorists generally define it as the ability to understand other people's feelings and experiences. Some studies have shown that there is a correlation between the practice of Playback Theater and increased levels of empathy, and the idea for this dissertation arose from the need to delve deeper into this subject. Research was therefore carried out as part of the "Dar Palco à Diferença" (DPD) project, which consisted of administering questionnaires to participants from three Playback Theatre (TP) companies, aged between 19 and 68, with the aim of measuring a number of variables, including empathy in the pre-test (N=39) and post-test (N=20) phases. It should be noted that 16 participants responded to both phases of the study. The instrument used to measure the empathy variable was the BES-A, an adapted version of the Basic Empathy Scale, developed by Jolliffe and Farrington, made up of 7 items, divided into two sub-scales, Affective empathy and Cognitive Empathy. It was not possible to conclude, in a statistically significant way, that the intervention had an effect on improving the participants' levels of empathy, and methodological limitations and suggestions for future studies were therefore discussed.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do
Professor Doutor António Gonzalez, apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Teatro Playback Empatia Habilidades Empáticas Interações sociais Playback Theatre Empathy Empathic Skills Social Interactions