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Representações de vinculação na infância: Competência verbal, estabilidade e mudança
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Visando identificar diferenças individuais no modo como as crianças encenam uma variedade de
situações relacionadas com a vinculação, o Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT, Bretherton &
Ridgeway, 1990) tem sido utilizado em diferentes culturas, sendo uma das metodologias narrativas de
completamento de histórias mais utilizadas durante o período pré-escolar. Não obstante o vasto
reconhecimento do seu valor, tanto clínico como empírico, mais estudos revelam-se indispensáveis
para confirmar a validade discriminativa do ASCT face a medidas de competência verbal, bem como
para clarificar alguns aspectos relacionados com a sua fiabilidade. Procurando contribuir para uma
melhor compreensão da utilização do instrumento na população portuguesa, o presente estudo debruçase
especificamente sobre a potencial influência da idade e do Q.I. verbal nas respostas dadas pelas
crianças. O ASCT foi aplicado a 159 crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar (M=66.11, DP=9.96),
tendo o desempenho dos sujeitos ao longo da tarefa sido analisado através de uma escala contínua de
segurança, por investigadores independentes, previamente treinados. Os valores de segurança (quer
história a história, quer no conjunto das histórias) não apresentaram associações relevantes com
nenhuma das variáveis sócio-demográficas consideradas, nem com a idade dos participantes. Foi, no
entanto, encontrada uma associação positiva, de fraca intensidade com o Q.I. verbal, estimado através
da WPPSI-R [Wechsler, 1989) (r=.16, p(unilateral)<.05]. A estabilidade da medida foi explorada numa
sub-amostra de 34 sujeitos, após um intervalo temporal de, aproximadamente, 11 meses. Verificou-se
que, embora haja uma tendência para o desempenho global dos sujeitos ser avaliado, em termos da
média grupal, de forma significativamente mais elevada [t(33)=2.50, p(unilateral)<.01, d=.49], quando
avaliada intra-sujeitos, a segurança mostra-se moderadamente estável (r=.33, p<.05, n=34). Final -
mente, foram encontradas evidências que sugerem influências recíprocas, ao longo do desenvolvi -
mento, entre aspectos associados à segurança das representações e capacidade verbal.
Attempting to identify individual differences in the way children tend to enact a variety of attachment related scenarios, the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT, Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) has been used in various cultures, being considered a key narrative methodology in the field. Although ASCT’s both clinical and empirical value is widely acknowledged, more research seems to be needed to fully confirm its discriminative validity from measures of verbal competence, as well as to clarify reliability issues. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the instrument in the Portuguese population, especially in what concerns the potential influence of age and verbal I.Q. in 423 participants’ performance. 159 pre-school and school age children (M=66.11, SD=9.96) participated in the study. Children’s performance in each of the stories was assessed using a continuous security scale rated by independent trained coders. No significant correlations were found between security scores and social-demographic variables, or children’s age. However, a weak positive association was found with verbal I.Q., estimated with the WPPSI-R (Wechsler, 1989) [r=.16, p(unilateral)<.05]. Temporal stability was examined in a sub-sample (n=34), after an 11 months period. Security scores were higher in the second evaluation, in terms of group’s mean [t(33)=2.50, p(unilateral)<.01, d=.49], but there was moderate stability (r=.33, p<.05, n=34) when security was considered at the intraindividual level. Data also supports the idea that, along development, there are bidirectional influences between the organization of attachment representations and children’s verbal capacities.
Attempting to identify individual differences in the way children tend to enact a variety of attachment related scenarios, the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT, Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) has been used in various cultures, being considered a key narrative methodology in the field. Although ASCT’s both clinical and empirical value is widely acknowledged, more research seems to be needed to fully confirm its discriminative validity from measures of verbal competence, as well as to clarify reliability issues. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the instrument in the Portuguese population, especially in what concerns the potential influence of age and verbal I.Q. in 423 participants’ performance. 159 pre-school and school age children (M=66.11, SD=9.96) participated in the study. Children’s performance in each of the stories was assessed using a continuous security scale rated by independent trained coders. No significant correlations were found between security scores and social-demographic variables, or children’s age. However, a weak positive association was found with verbal I.Q., estimated with the WPPSI-R (Wechsler, 1989) [r=.16, p(unilateral)<.05]. Temporal stability was examined in a sub-sample (n=34), after an 11 months period. Security scores were higher in the second evaluation, in terms of group’s mean [t(33)=2.50, p(unilateral)<.01, d=.49], but there was moderate stability (r=.33, p<.05, n=34) when security was considered at the intraindividual level. Data also supports the idea that, along development, there are bidirectional influences between the organization of attachment representations and children’s verbal capacities.
Description
Keywords
Estabilidade temporal da segurança de vinculação Metodologias narrativas Representações de vinculação Attachment representations Narrative semi-projective measures Temporal stability in attachment representations
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 29(3), 403-424.
Publisher
ISPA - Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada