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Superar o medo de falhar: Basta sentir-se competente ou é preciso acreditar que é possível melhorar?
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objetivo da presente investigação foi estudar o efeito da Perceção de
Competência sobre o Medo de Falhar em atletas. Ainda, sugeriu-se estudar o efeito
moderador do traço de personalidade Growth Seeking, ou Mentalidade de Crescimento
Pessoal, na relação negativa entre as duas primeiras variáveis.
Foram recrutados 123 atletas, mais especificamente 50 do sexo feminino e 73 do
sexo masculino. As idades compreendidas variaram entre os 18 e 57 anos (M = 24.07, DP
= 8.139).
Para a recolha de dados, foi construído um questionário online através da
plataforma Qualtrics, na qual foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: três itens
relativos à Perceção de Competência adaptados de Chanal, Marsh, Sarrazin e Bois (2005),
o Questionário Multidimensional do Medo de Falhar no Desporto (QMFD), desenvolvido
originalmente por Conroy e colaboradores (2002) e traduzida para a população
portuguesa por Correia, Rosado e Serpa (2016) e, por fim, a escala de Growth Seeking,
versão adaptada à população portuguesa por Diogo (2019).
Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que: a Perceção de Competência está
negativamente relacionada com uma dimensão do Medo de Falhar, nomeadamente, o
Medo associado à Desvalorização da Autoestima; a Mentalidade de Crescimento Pessoal
está positivamente relacionada com a Perceção de Competência, e negativamente
relacionada com o Medo de Falhar, enquanto construto geral, assim como com as suas
dimensões de Medo associado à Desvalorização da Autoestima, Medo de Sentir
Vergonha e Embaraço, e o Medo de Ter um Futuro Incerto. Os resultados referentes à
moderação testada foram apenas significativos para atletas do sexo masculino e revelaram
que, por mais que um atleta do sexo masculino se sinta competente na modalidade, se não
tiver desenvolvido a capacidade de ver os obstáculos como algo positivo, ou os erros
como parte do processo de aprendizagem, vai ter maior Medo de Falhar.
Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância da promoção de crenças relativas
ao Crescimento Pessoal devido à influência desta na Perceção de Competência e Medo
de Falhar nos atletas, enquanto se abre a discussão face aos papéis de género no desporto.
ABSTRACT: The goal of this research was to study the effect of Perceived Competence on Fear of Failure in athletes. Even so, it was suggested to study the moderating effect of the Growth Seeking personality trait on the negative relationship between the first two variables. 123 participants were included, more specifically 50 females and 73 males. Ages ranged between 18 and 57 years old (M = 24.07, DP = 8.139). For data collection, an online questionnaire was created using the Qualtrics platform, in which the following instruments were applied: three items related to Perceived Competence adapted from Chanal, Marsh, Sarrazin and Bois (2005), the Multidimensional Fear of Failure in Sport Questionnaire (QMFD), originally developed by Conroy and colleagues (2002) and translated to Portuguese by Correia, Rosado and Serpa (2016) and, finally, the Growth Seeking scale, a version adapted to Portuguese by Diogo (2019). The results obtained showed that: the Perception of Competence is negatively related to a dimension of the Fear of Failure, namely, the Fear associated with the Devaluation of Self-Esteem; the Growth Mindset is positively related to the Perception of Competence, and negatively related to Fear of Failure, as a general construct, as well as to its dimensions of Fear associated with the Devaluation of Self-Esteem, Fear of Feeling Shame and Embarrassment, and the Fear of Having an Uncertain Future. The results regarding the moderation tested were significant only for male athletes and revealed that, no matter how competent a male athlete feels in the sport, if he has not developed the ability to see obstacles as something positive, or mistakes as part of the learning process, he will have a greater fear of failure. The results obtained reinforce the importance of promoting beliefs related to Personal Growth due to its influence on the Perception of Competence and Fear of Failure in athletes, at the same time as it opens up the discussion regarding gender roles in sport.
ABSTRACT: The goal of this research was to study the effect of Perceived Competence on Fear of Failure in athletes. Even so, it was suggested to study the moderating effect of the Growth Seeking personality trait on the negative relationship between the first two variables. 123 participants were included, more specifically 50 females and 73 males. Ages ranged between 18 and 57 years old (M = 24.07, DP = 8.139). For data collection, an online questionnaire was created using the Qualtrics platform, in which the following instruments were applied: three items related to Perceived Competence adapted from Chanal, Marsh, Sarrazin and Bois (2005), the Multidimensional Fear of Failure in Sport Questionnaire (QMFD), originally developed by Conroy and colleagues (2002) and translated to Portuguese by Correia, Rosado and Serpa (2016) and, finally, the Growth Seeking scale, a version adapted to Portuguese by Diogo (2019). The results obtained showed that: the Perception of Competence is negatively related to a dimension of the Fear of Failure, namely, the Fear associated with the Devaluation of Self-Esteem; the Growth Mindset is positively related to the Perception of Competence, and negatively related to Fear of Failure, as a general construct, as well as to its dimensions of Fear associated with the Devaluation of Self-Esteem, Fear of Feeling Shame and Embarrassment, and the Fear of Having an Uncertain Future. The results regarding the moderation tested were significant only for male athletes and revealed that, no matter how competent a male athlete feels in the sport, if he has not developed the ability to see obstacles as something positive, or mistakes as part of the learning process, he will have a greater fear of failure. The results obtained reinforce the importance of promoting beliefs related to Personal Growth due to its influence on the Perception of Competence and Fear of Failure in athletes, at the same time as it opens up the discussion regarding gender roles in sport.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das
Organizações.
Keywords
Perceção de competência Medo de falhar Mentalidade de crescimento pessoal Atletas Perceived competence Fear of failure Growth seeking Athletes