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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Introdução. O crescimento de movimentos de extrema-direita na atualidade constitui uma ameaça aos princípios democráticos e um potencial fator de risco para a coesão social e para a saúde mental
da população. Em Portugal, este fenómeno político é percebido como especialmente ameaçador por ativistas que lutaram contra a ditadura do Estado Novo (1933-1974). Objetivo. Este estudo qualitativo explorou o impacto psicológico do atual contexto político português, caracterizado pela ascensão de partidos políticos de extrema-direita, nas visões do mundo de mulheres presas e torturadas pela PIDE pré-1974. Método. Dez mulheres ex-presas políticas, com idades entre 68 e 89 anos, foram entrevistadas entre fevereiro e maio de 2025. Resultados. Os dados foram analisados recorrendo à análise temática, tendo sido identificados três temas: (1) Desilusão democrática, associado à perceção da perda de pensamento crítico e do coletivo; (2) “Que mundo vou deixar?”, relacionado à aliança entre maternidade e ativismo político, e adaptação da luta ao envelhecimento; e (3) O legado da luta, associado com preocupações sobre transmissão da memória da resistência e desilusão com uma juventude que percecionam como distante dos valores democráticos. Discussão. Os resultados, interpretados segundo o modelo teórico de atribuição de sentido de Park (2010), sugerem que o ajustamento psicológico das participantes envolve um processo contínuo de reorganização de sentido perante o presente contexto político. A perceção de ameaça à democracia é seguida por estratégias de reafirmação de valores e preservação identitária, com implicações clínicas e sociais para a compreensão dos processos de ajustamento psicológico e preservação da memória coletiva.
Introduction. The rise of far-right movements in contemporary society poses a significant threat to democratic principles and constitutes a potential risk to social cohesion and the population’s mental health. In Portugal, this political phenomenon is perceived as particularly threatening by activists who opposed the Estado Novo dictatorship (1933–1974). Objective. This qualitative study explored the psychological impact of the current Portuguese political context, marked by the rise of far-right political parties, on the worldviews of women who were imprisoned and tortured by the PIDE prior to 1974. Method. Ten former political prisoners, aged 68 to 89 years, were interviewed between February and May 2025. Results. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which yielded three themes: (1) Democratic disillusionment, associated with the perceived loss of critical thinking and collective awareness; (2) ‘What world will I leave behind?’, capturing the interplay between motherhood and political activism, as well as the participants’ efforts to adapt their political engagement to the challenges of ageing; and (3) The legacy of struggle, linked to concerns about the transmission of resistance memory and disillusionment with a younger generation perceived as detached from democratic values. Discussion. The results, interpreted through Park’s (2010) meaning-making model, suggest that participants’ psychological adjustment involves an ongoing process of meaning reorganization in response to the current political climate. The perception of a threat to democracy is followed by strategies aimed at reaffirming values and preserving identity, with clinical and social implications for understanding processes of psychological adjustment and the preservation of collective memory.
Introduction. The rise of far-right movements in contemporary society poses a significant threat to democratic principles and constitutes a potential risk to social cohesion and the population’s mental health. In Portugal, this political phenomenon is perceived as particularly threatening by activists who opposed the Estado Novo dictatorship (1933–1974). Objective. This qualitative study explored the psychological impact of the current Portuguese political context, marked by the rise of far-right political parties, on the worldviews of women who were imprisoned and tortured by the PIDE prior to 1974. Method. Ten former political prisoners, aged 68 to 89 years, were interviewed between February and May 2025. Results. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which yielded three themes: (1) Democratic disillusionment, associated with the perceived loss of critical thinking and collective awareness; (2) ‘What world will I leave behind?’, capturing the interplay between motherhood and political activism, as well as the participants’ efforts to adapt their political engagement to the challenges of ageing; and (3) The legacy of struggle, linked to concerns about the transmission of resistance memory and disillusionment with a younger generation perceived as detached from democratic values. Discussion. The results, interpreted through Park’s (2010) meaning-making model, suggest that participants’ psychological adjustment involves an ongoing process of meaning reorganization in response to the current political climate. The perception of a threat to democracy is followed by strategies aimed at reaffirming values and preserving identity, with clinical and social implications for understanding processes of psychological adjustment and the preservation of collective memory.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado realizado sob a orientação da Prof. Doutora Lisa Matos apresentado no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Psicologia política Ajustamento psicológico Atribuição de sentido Trauma complexo Sobreviventes de tortura Political psychology Psychological adjustment Meaning-making Complex trauma Torture survivors