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O papel dos esquemas cognitivos na construção das narrativas da história de vida
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Abstract(s)
O papel que os esquemas cognitivos têm na construção das narrativas da história de vida, foi a questão abordada neste estudo. Os esquemas cognitivos são considerados um dos conceitos-chave na Psicoterapia, sendo fundamental, perceber quais os mecanismos cognitivos que estão associados aos comportamentos que os indivíduos vão desenvolvendo ao longo da vida, bem como, a sua formação.
O presente estudo é constituído por 42 participantes, que responderam a uma entrevista segundo o modelo de McAdams e ao questionário dos esquemas de Young. O objetivo desta investigação, foi estudar os esquemas cognitivos em amostras não clínicas para perceber em que medida é que os esquemas cognitivos ajudam o indivíduo a elaborar a sua história de vida e qual o predomínio dos diferentes esquemas cognitivos.
Para estudar este processo, esta investigação teve por base um sistema de análise qualitativo para codificar as narrativas da história de vida. Uma primeira fase esteve relacionada à construção deste sistema para compreender os padrões de confiabilidade com relação à fiabilidade inter-cotadores.
Observou-se uma ligação entre os esquemas cognitivos e as narrativas da história de vida, contudo estas ligações apresentaram-se como fracas e moderadas, explicamos quais os fatores subjacentes a estas ligações, os resultados sugerem ainda qual o predomínio existente nos diferentes esquemas cognitivos e a sua análise.
Na secção da discussão, são abordadas as limitações desta investigação e são discutidos com ênfase as implicações que resultam deste estudo, nomeadamente a importância que os esquemas cognitivos têm em Psicoterapia, tanto em investigação como na prática clínica, de forma a compreender todos os processos que resultam destas estruturas. Assim, os esquemas cognitivos são um ponto de partida para futuras investigações.
The role that cognitive schemas play in the construction of life story narratives was the issue addressed in this study. Cognitive schemes are considered one of the key concepts in Psychotherapy. It is essential to understand which cognitive mechanisms are associated with the behaviors that individuals develop throughout their lives, as well as their formation. The present study consisted of 42 participants, who answered an interview according to the McAdams model and the Young scheme questionnaire. The aim of this research was to study cognitive schemes in nonclinical samples to understand to what extent cognitive schemes help the individual to elaborate his or her life story and the predominance of different cognitive schemes. To study this process, this research was based on a qualitative analysis system to encode life story narratives. A first phase was related to the construction of this system to understand the reliability standards with respect to inter-quoted reliability. There was a link between cognitive schemes and life story narratives, however these links were weak and moderate, we explain which factors underlie these links, the results also suggest which predominance exists in different cognitive schemes and your analysis. In the discussion section, the limitations of this research are addressed and the implications that result from this study are discussed with emphasis, namely the importance that cognitive schemes have in Psychotherapy, both in research and clinical practice, in order to understand all the processes that result from these structures. Thus, cognitive schemes are a starting point for future investigations.
The role that cognitive schemas play in the construction of life story narratives was the issue addressed in this study. Cognitive schemes are considered one of the key concepts in Psychotherapy. It is essential to understand which cognitive mechanisms are associated with the behaviors that individuals develop throughout their lives, as well as their formation. The present study consisted of 42 participants, who answered an interview according to the McAdams model and the Young scheme questionnaire. The aim of this research was to study cognitive schemes in nonclinical samples to understand to what extent cognitive schemes help the individual to elaborate his or her life story and the predominance of different cognitive schemes. To study this process, this research was based on a qualitative analysis system to encode life story narratives. A first phase was related to the construction of this system to understand the reliability standards with respect to inter-quoted reliability. There was a link between cognitive schemes and life story narratives, however these links were weak and moderate, we explain which factors underlie these links, the results also suggest which predominance exists in different cognitive schemes and your analysis. In the discussion section, the limitations of this research are addressed and the implications that result from this study are discussed with emphasis, namely the importance that cognitive schemes have in Psychotherapy, both in research and clinical practice, in order to understand all the processes that result from these structures. Thus, cognitive schemes are a starting point for future investigations.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Esquemas cognitivos Narrativas da história de vida Cognitive schemes Life story narratives