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Níveis de análise no estudo da identidade social
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Apresentamos, nesta comunicação, a continuação 220 do nosso trabalho de investigação teórica e empírica no âmbito da crítica ao modelo de Bristol, e que já abordámos no anterior Simpósio de Investigação Psicológica, através de uma discussão das implicações teóricas da integração do nível de análise ideológico
no estudo da identidade social. A discussão é ilustrada com os resultados de uma experiência cujo design articula uma relação intergrupos estruturalmente assimétrica, a da construção social dos modos de ser masculino e feminino, com uma relação intergrupos
conjunturalmente simétrica ou assimétrica,
ou seja, a posição relativa dos grupos numa situação contextual e temporalmente limitada. Esta experiência permitiu-nos demonstrar que a identidade dos grupos dominantes se caracteriza pela independência em relação
aos contextos, ou seja por um modo de ser,
enquanto que a identidade dos grupos dominados se caracteriza pela dependência em relação aos contextos, ou seja, por um modo de estar.
In this paper we present the evolution of the theoretical and empirical research we are pursuing on the line of a critica1 approach of the theory of social identity. Part of this line of research was already presented in the previous Symposium in a paper in which discussed the theoretical implications of the integration of the ideological leve1 of analysis in the study of social identity. The present discussion is illustrated with the results of an experiment which articulated the social construction of masculine and feminine identities, as an assymetrical intergroup relation, with the relative position of the groups in a situational context, as a conjunctural assymetrical or symmetrical intergroup relation. The results of this experiment evidence that the social identity of dominant groups is independent from the particular contexts, whereas the identity of dominated groups is influenced by such contexts. In this perspective, dominant identities are constructed as stable models of being and dominated identities are constructed as unstable models of being.
In this paper we present the evolution of the theoretical and empirical research we are pursuing on the line of a critica1 approach of the theory of social identity. Part of this line of research was already presented in the previous Symposium in a paper in which discussed the theoretical implications of the integration of the ideological leve1 of analysis in the study of social identity. The present discussion is illustrated with the results of an experiment which articulated the social construction of masculine and feminine identities, as an assymetrical intergroup relation, with the relative position of the groups in a situational context, as a conjunctural assymetrical or symmetrical intergroup relation. The results of this experiment evidence that the social identity of dominant groups is independent from the particular contexts, whereas the identity of dominated groups is influenced by such contexts. In this perspective, dominant identities are constructed as stable models of being and dominated identities are constructed as unstable models of being.
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Análise Psicológica, 1993, 2 (XI), 213-221