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Pais expectantes: O bebé a duas e a três dimensões
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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação teve como objectivo estudar a influência da ecografia a
duas dimensões (2D) e da ecografia a três dimensões (3D) no Processo Psicológico da
Gravidez e na Ligação Pré-natal ao bebé, em sujeitos do sexo feminino e do sexo
masculino, operacionalizada num desenho metodológico de natureza exploratória e
transversal, assente na comparação de grupos. A amostra deste trabalho, recolhida em
duas clínicas e numa Instituição, foi constituída por 38 sujeitos, 19 do sexo feminino e
19 do sexo masculino. Estes foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo 1 (oito mulheres
que realizaram ecografias a 3D), grupo 2 (onze mulheres que efectuaram ecografias a
2D), grupo 3 (onze homens que assistiram às ecografias a 3D) e grupo 4 (oito homens
que assistiram às ecografias a 2D). O protocolo de avaliação baseou-se em dois
instrumentos: Processo Psicológico da Gravidez (Raphael-Leff, 1997) e o Inventário de
Ligação Pré-natal (Muller, 1993). Verificou-se que o grupo 1 tendeu a desenvolver
fantasias mais positivas no Processo Psicológico da Gravidez, de uma forma global (p =
0.058) e uma maior ligação pré-natal ao bebé (p = 0.038) do que o grupo 2. Quanto ao
sexo masculino, o grupo 3 tendeu a demonstrar fantasias mais positivas no Processo
Psicológico da Gravidez, de uma forma global (p = 0.102) e um maior envolvimento
pré-natal (p = 0.12), do que o grupo 4. Constatou-se ainda que, independentemente do
tipo de ecografia realizado, as mães tenderam a desenvolver fantasias mais positivas e
uma maior ligação pré-natal ao bebé do que os pais. Apesar de os resultados obtidos
puderem não ter sido apenas devido ao tipo de ecografia realizado, o exame ecográfico
a 3D, ao fornecer uma imagem mais perceptível do bebé, poderá ter facilitado a sua
objectalização
ABSTRACT: The main objective of the investigation was to study the influence of two dimensions (2D) ultrasound and twree dimensions (3D) ultrasound in the Psychological Process of the Pregnancy and in the Prenatal Attachment to the baby in mothers and fathers. The research design was an exploratory and transversal study, based on the groups comparation. The sample of 38 subjects (19 mothers and 19 fathers) was obtained in 2 clinics and 1 instituition. They were divided into four groups: group 1 (8 mothers – 3D ultrasound), group 2 (11 mothers - 2D ultrasound), group 3 (11 fathers - 3D ultrasound) and group 4 (8 fathers – 2D ultrasound). It were used the psychological process of Pregnancy (Raphael-Leff, 1997) and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (Muller, 1993). The group 1 tended to develop more positive fantasies in the Psychological Process of Pregnancy, (p = 0.058) and a greater prenatal attachment to the baby (p = 0.038) than group 2. In the case of the fathers, the group 3 tended to develop more positive fantasies in the Psychological Process of Pregnancy (p = 0,102) and a greater prenatal attachment to the baby(p = 0.12) than the group 4. It was found that, regardless of the type of ultrasound, the mothers tended to develop more positive fantasies and a greater prenatal attachement to the baby than the fathers. Although the results can not be only explained on base of the type of ultrasound, it seems that the tridimensional image may have helped to see the baby as diferent and with a personality.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of the investigation was to study the influence of two dimensions (2D) ultrasound and twree dimensions (3D) ultrasound in the Psychological Process of the Pregnancy and in the Prenatal Attachment to the baby in mothers and fathers. The research design was an exploratory and transversal study, based on the groups comparation. The sample of 38 subjects (19 mothers and 19 fathers) was obtained in 2 clinics and 1 instituition. They were divided into four groups: group 1 (8 mothers – 3D ultrasound), group 2 (11 mothers - 2D ultrasound), group 3 (11 fathers - 3D ultrasound) and group 4 (8 fathers – 2D ultrasound). It were used the psychological process of Pregnancy (Raphael-Leff, 1997) and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (Muller, 1993). The group 1 tended to develop more positive fantasies in the Psychological Process of Pregnancy, (p = 0.058) and a greater prenatal attachment to the baby (p = 0.038) than group 2. In the case of the fathers, the group 3 tended to develop more positive fantasies in the Psychological Process of Pregnancy (p = 0,102) and a greater prenatal attachment to the baby(p = 0.12) than the group 4. It was found that, regardless of the type of ultrasound, the mothers tended to develop more positive fantasies and a greater prenatal attachement to the baby than the fathers. Although the results can not be only explained on base of the type of ultrasound, it seems that the tridimensional image may have helped to see the baby as diferent and with a personality.
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Keywords
Gravidez Mãe Pai Ecografia e ligação pré-natal Pregnancy Mother Father Ultrasound and prenatal attachment