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  • Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care
    Publication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, José
    Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
  • Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of housing first and the staircase continuum of care
    Publication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel M.; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, José
    Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
  • Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care
    Publication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Ornelas, José
    Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
  • The role of community integration and empowerment for the transformative change in community mental health
    Publication . Ornelas, José; Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Duarte, Teresa; Moniz, Maria João Vargas
    The present article first presents a critique about the current status of the community mental health (CMH) field. Second, based on theoretical and empirical literature, it presents a perspective inspired by the inception of community psychology, namely the empowerment and community integration principles to offer a challenging framework to inspire reforms in the CMH field. The article also discusses two promising CMH practices, supported employment and independent housing with support, determinant for the transformation of life conditions for people experiencing mental illness while promoting people’s empowerment and integration in the community. The authors argue that CMH programs and practices focused on integration together with self-representation movements, organisations, or networks aligned with the community psychology acting principles have the potential to inform a renovated partnership within CMH stakeholders and bring about sustainable change focused on the active citizenship for people who experience mental illness.
  • Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care
    Publication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria João; Ornelas, José
    Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
  • “What’s wrong with the seed?” A comparative examination of an empowering community-centered approach to recovery in community mental health
    Publication . Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Ornelas, José
    This cross-sectional group comparison aimed to examine whether personal empowerment, recovery and community integration were associated with the individual's participation in an empowering community-centered model of intervention. Ninety-three participants from an empowering community-centered community mental health organization were compared with a matched group of individuals from standard interventions of four equivalent organizations. Results showed that participants taking advantage of the empowering community-centered approach were more involved in high recovery-oriented programs; and attained higher levels of personal goals and hope, empowerment, and of community integration. An involvement in high recovery-oriented programs (supported employment or independent housing) revealed improved outcomes for the individual. In conclusion, the findings suggested a transformative impact of the empowering community-centered model both at the individual and the program level by altering the resource accessibility and social conditions for people who experience mental illness. The implications of findings for transforming community mental health practice are discussed in detail.
  • Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of housing first and the staircase continuum of care
    Publication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, José
    Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needsmay feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficultto do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in aneighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provideindividuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important torecovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged withHousing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individualsengaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and thatdistal support would predict more community integration, growth‐relatedrecovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homelessservices users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight Europeancountries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery,distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmedour hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achievedcapabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration.Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HFon social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying importantmediators that translate the effects of HF components on social andpsychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case managementactivities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with otherswho live and work in their neighborhoods