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- Análise fatorial confirmatória do questionário “O Papel do Pai” numa amostra de pais e mães portuguesasPublication . Monteiro, Lígia; Torres, Nuno; Veríssimo, Manuela; Pessoa E Costa, Inês; Freitas, MiguelResumo: O presente estudo visou traduzir para português o questionário “The Father’s Role” e analisar a qualidade do ajustamento do modelo de medida do instrumento para pais e mães, numa amostra de 200 famílias nucleares, com crianças em idade pré-escolar. Os resultados permitem suportar a estrutura uni-fatorial do QPP para as respostas do pai, com índices de ajustamento que sustentam a boa qualidade do modelo. Para as mães apenas um modelo bi-fatorial se mostrou adequado. Os resultados sugerem que as atitudes e crenças sobre a parentalidade de pais e mães portugueses poderão ter estruturas diferentes.
- Salivary oxytocin after play with parents predicts behavioural problems in preschool childrenPublication . Torres, Nuno; Martins, Daniel; Monteiro, Lígia; Santos, António J.; Vaughn, Brian; Verissimo, ManuelaBackground: Oxytocin (OXT) has attracted research interest for its potential involvement in many of the behavioural problems observed in childhood. Due to its logistical advantages, saliva is an attractive fluid to quantify neuropeptides in children. Salivary OXT has been suggested as a potential biomarker for psychopathology during childhood. However, several questions still remain about the extent to which, and under what conditions, concentrations of OXT in saliva can be reliably measured and are related to behavioural problems in preschool age children. Methods: Seven samples of saliva from 30 preschool children (17 girls) were collected in five different days at their homes. Three of the samples were collected by the children’s parents at baseline daily routine conditions, and four of the samples were collected by researchers during two home-visits: before and after two 15-minute dyadic play sessions (one with mothers and one fathers) between each individual parent and the child. Oxytocin concentrations were quantified by Radioimmunoassay with prior extraction. Children’s behavioural problems were assessed by the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) questionnaire, completed by the child’s’ preschool teacher. Results: Salivary OXT measured in baseline samples could not predict any of the behavioural problems measured by the C-TRF. However, when measured after playing with parents salivary OXT showed a stronger pattern of negative correlations, specially with the depression and opposition scales of the C-TRF. Furthermore, salivary OXT was unlikely to be reliably measured using single sampling, but acceptable reliabilities were achieved when averaging several samples. Finally, the single measures of salivary OXT evoked after an episode of play with parents showed better reliabilities than collected at baseline. Conclusion: Measurements of OXT evoked after positive affect interactions with parents seem to capture aspects of the OXT system in young children that might be relevant for understanding the role of this system in children’s social behaviour.
- The role of child’s age, sex, and temperament in father involvement during the pre-school yearsPublication . Santos, Carolina; Monteiro, Lígia; Torres, Nuno(1) Background: The aim of the study was to explore how child’s characteristics (age, sex, and temperament) were associated with father’s involvement in child-related activities. In a sample of 410 bi-parental families with pre-school age children. (2) Methods: Dividing the sample into two age groups, OLS regression models were conducted for each dimension of father involvement with child characteristics as predicting variables. (3) Results: for the younger children (3 and 4 years) fathers were more involved in teaching/discipline and played with their more extroverted daughters. With older children (5 and 6 years), fathers were more involved in teaching/discipline and played when children were higher on negative-affectivity. An interaction was found with boys’ higher negativeaffectivity, predicting fathers’ higher involvement in teaching and discipline. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that children’s characteristics have an impact on what fathers do, particularly in a dimension salient to pre-school years such as teaching/discipline. This can help build tailored empirical-sustained programs aiming to encourage and support fathers’ positive involvement.