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- Methods to detect spatial biases in tracking studies caused by differential representativeness of individuals, populations and timePublication . Pujol, Virginia Morera; Catry, Paulo; Magalhães, Maria; Peron, Clara; Reyes‐González, José Manuel; Granadeiro, José P.; Militão, Teresa; Dias, Maria P.; Oro, Daniel; Dell'Omo, Giacomo; Müller, Martina; Paiva, Vitor H.; Metzger, Benjamin; Neves, V C; Navarro, Joan; Karris, Georgios; Xirouchakis, Stavros; Cecere, Jacopo G.; Zamora‐López, Antonio; Forero, Manuel G.; Ouni, Ridha; Romdhane, Mohamed Salah; De Felipe, Fernanda; Zajková, Zuzana; Cruz‐Flores, Marta; Grémillet, David; González‐Solís, Jacob; Ramos, RaülAim Over the last decades, the study of movement through tracking data has grown exceeding the expectations of movement ecologists. This has posed new challenges, specifically when using individual tracking data to infer higher-level distributions (e.g. population and species). Sources of variability such as individual site fidelity (ISF), environmental stochasticity over time, and space-use variability across species ranges must be considered, and their effects identified and corrected, to produce accurate estimates of spatial distribution using tracking data. Innovation We developed R functions to detect the effect of these sources of variability in the distribution of animal groups when inferred from individual tracking data. These procedures can be adapted for their use in most tracking datasets and tracking techniques. We demonstrated our procedures with simulated datasets and showed their applicability on a real-world dataset containing 1346 year-round migratory trips from 805 individuals of three closely related seabird species breeding in 34 colonies in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, spanning 10 years. We detected an effect of ISF in one of the colonies, but no effect of the environmental stochasticity on the distribution of birds for any of the species. We also identified among-colony variability in nonbreeding space use for one species, with significant effects of population size and longitude. Main conclusions This work provides a useful, much-needed tool for researchers using animal tracking data to model species distributions or establish conservation measures. This methodology may be applied in studies using individual tracking data to accurately infer the distribution of a population or species and support the delineation of important areas for conservation based on tracking data. This step, designed to precede any analysis, has become increasingly relevant with the proliferation of studies using large tracking datasets that has accompanied the globalization process in science driving collaborations and tracking data sharing initiatives.
- Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrelsPublication . Beal, Martin; Dias, Maria P.; Phillips, Richard A.; Oppel, Steffen; Hazin, Carolina; Pearmain, Elizabeth J.; Adams, Josh; Anderson, David J.; Antolos, Michelle; Arata, Javier; Arcos, José Manuel; Arnould, John P. Y.; Awkerman, Jill; Bell, Elizabeth; BELL, Mike; Carey, Mark; Carle, Ryan; Clay, Thomas A.; Cleeland, Jaimie; Colodro, Valentina; Conners, Melinda; Flores, Marta Cruz; Cuthbert, Richard; Delord, Karine; Deppe, Lorna; Dilley, Ben J.; Dinis, Herculano; Elliott, Graeme; De Felipe, Fernanda; Felis, Jonathan; Forero, Manuela G.; Freeman, Amanda; Fukuda, Akira; González-Solís, Jacob; Granadeiro, J. P.; Hedd, April; Hodum, Peter; Igual, Jose Manuel; Jaeger, Audrey; Landers, Timothy; Le Corre, Matthieu; Makhado, Azwianewi; Metzger, Benjamin; Militão, Teresa; Montevecchi, William A.; Pujol, Virginia Morera; Herrero, Leia Navarro; Nel, Deon; Nicholls, David; Oro, Daniel; Ouni, Ridha; Ozaki, Kiyoaki; Quintana, Flavio; Ramos, Raül; Reid, Tim; Reyes-González, José Manuel; Robertson, Christopher; Robertson, Graham; Romdhane, Mohamed Salah; Ryan, Peter G.; Sagar, Paul; Sato, Fumio; Schoombie, Stefan; Scofield, Richard; Shaffer, Scott; Shah, Nirmal Jivan; Stevens, Kim L.; Surman, Christopher; Suryan, Robert M.; Takahashi, Akinori; Tatayah, Vikash; Taylor, Graeme; Thompson, David R.; Torres, Leigh; Walker, Kath; Wanless, Ross; Waugh, Susan M.; Weimerskirch, Henri; Yamamoto, Takashi; Zajkova, Zuzana; Zango, Laura; Catry, PauloMigratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm.