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- How followers' neuroticism buffers the role of the leader in their daily mental health via daily positive affect: A multilevel approachPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntonioThis study expands on the existing research on employees’ work-related mental health by analyzing (1) the relationship between within-person fluctuations in perceived leadership effectiveness and positive affect and mental health and (2) between-person variations in neuroticism as a relevant boundary condition of this relationship. Multilevel data was collected from 224 working adults (2240 measurement occasions). The results demonstrated that fluctuations in the perception of the leader’s effectiveness were positively related to daily positive affect, and this relationship was moderated by the followers’ levels of neuroticism, in such a way that higher levels of neuroticism buffered the positive effect of leadership effectiveness on positive affect. The findings also evidenced a positive relationship between daily positive affect and daily mental health, as well as a significant indirect effect from perceived leadership effectiveness to daily fluctuations in mental health via daily fluctuations in positive affect. An effective leader makes employees feel more positive affect during the day, which is beneficial to their daily mental health; however, this relationship is may be impaired by the employees’ levels of neuroticism. Practical implications for theory and practice are discussed.
- Micro-firms way to succeed: How owners manage peoplePublication . Rodrigues, Ana Sofia; Carvalho, Helena; Caetano, Antonio; Santos, Susana C.This study explores the configurations of people management practices in micro-firms and their relation with entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in a four-year window. Based on the ability-, motivation- and opportunity-focused practices framework, we identify configurations of HRM practices used in micro-firms and, in conjugation with entrepreneurial orientation, how they affect employee growth and net income. We analyzed data collected from 114 micro-firm owners combined with firm objective performance measures using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Results show a taxonomy of three configurations of HRM practices associated with different entrepreneurial orientation strategic postures in micro-firms: “Financial centric HRM practices”, “Operations centric HRM practices”, and “People centric HRM practices”. We assume that configurational methods can help uncover the complexity of the interplay between HRM practices and strategic postures on micro-firm performance. This study contributes to the literature in micro-firms by revealing effective people-related managerial practices on performance.
- Testing the affective events theory: The mediating role of affect and the moderating role of mindfulnessPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Pombeira, Catarina; Caetano, AntonioThis study aims to expand the knowledge on the affective events theory by:(1) testing the mediating role of affectin the relationship between micro-dailyevents and well-being, (2) and analyzing the moderating role of mindfulness in thismediated relationship. To achieve these goals, we collected data with 393 workingadults. The results showed that: (1) affect mediates the relationship betweenmicro-daily events and well-being; (2) mindfulness moderates the mediated rela-tionship between micro-daily events and well-being via affect, that is, higher levelsof mindfulness are positively related to well-being in particular when the levels ofpositive affect are higher. These resultsshow the importance of providing condi-tions for the occurrence of daily uplifts at work as these seem to lead to increasesin employees' well-being. Promoting mindfulness at work also seems relevant forworkers' mental health and well-being, forexample, through complementary train-ing or daily practices.
- Recognizing opportunities across campus: The effects of cognitive training and entrepreneurial passion on the business opportunity prototypePublication . Costa, Silvia; Santos, Susana Correia; Wach, Dominika; Caetano, Antonio
- The effect of age on daily positive emotions and work behaviorsPublication . Dello Russo, Silvia; Antino, Mirko; Zaniboni, Sara; Caetano, Antonio; Truxillo, DonaldThis study draws on socioemotional selectivity and person–job fit theories to investigate the emotional bases for age-related differences in daily task crafting and in-role performance. We tested a mediation model in which age is related to positive emotions that in turn predict task crafting and in-role performance. A total of 256 people working in multiple organizations participated in a 5-day diary study. Multilevel modeling showed that, at the person level of analysis, age is significantly and positively related to positive emotions and task crafting and, via crafting, to in-role performance. No significant mediation of high- and low-arousal positive emotions was found between age and task crafting. However, at the day level of analysis, high-arousal positive emotions are positively related to task crafting, and this in turn is positively related to in-role performance. These findings make important theoretical contributions to understanding within-person processes associated with employee age in addition to more traditional between-person factors. They also have implications for managing an age-diverse workforce by means of job crafting.
- Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: A social capital and network approachPublication . Neumeyer, Xaver; Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Kalbfleisch, PamelaThis study investigates the effects of venture typology, race, ethnicity, and past venture experience on the social capital distribution of women entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Social network data from two municipal ecosystems in Florida, USA (Gainesville and Jacksonville), suggest that network connectivity and the distribution of social capital are significantly different for men and women entrepreneurs. This difference is contingent on the venture type.Male entrepreneurs show higher comparative scores of bridging social capital in aggressive- and managed-growth venture networks, while women entrepreneurs surpass their male counterparts’ bridging capital scores in lifestyle and survival venture networks. Lastly, experienced women entrepreneurs that self-identified as white showed a higher degree of network connectivity and bridging social capital in the entrepreneurial ecosystem than less experienced non-white female entrepreneurs. Implications for entrepreneurship practice and new research paths are discussed.
- Predictors of entrepreneurial activity before and during the European economic crisisPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; SPAGNOLI, Paola; Costa, Sílvia Fernandes; Neumeyer, XaverThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of individual characteristics and social norms as variables that explain early-stage entrepreneurial activity before and during the European crisis. We used the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey data from Southern European countries (Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal) and Northern European countries (Sweden, Norway and Finland) in 2007, 2010, 2012 and 2013. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the role of individual characteristics (self-efficacy, perceptions of opportunities, role model and risk perceptions) and social norms (desirable career choice, status and respect and public media) on the early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). Results show that individual characteristics are the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activity, and this effect stays stable throughout the time of the crisis; and social norms have an absent or low effect on entrepreneurial activity, with slight fluctuations during the crisis. These results highlight the role of individual predictors on the entrepreneurial activity despite the macroeconomic environment, which empathizes the importance of education and training to promote the entrepreneurial mindset and attitude.
- How do mid-senior multinational officers perceive shared leadership for military teams? A qualitative studyPublication . Cakiroglu, Serkan; Caetano, Antonio; Costa, PatríciaPurpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the military team members’ (mid-senior multinational officers’) perceptions of shared leadership and analyze the facilitation of shared leadership in military teams. Design/methodology/approach – The sample size was 20 interviewees that participants must hold leadership positions at the mid-senior management level and from NATO member countries. To analyze the data, the authors used Gioia’s thematic analysis methodology (Gioia et al., 2013) and manual coding rather than computer usage for the analysis, due to the small data pool and their proficiency in literature. Findings – Complexity and the new information era force military organizations toward the change and that with shared leadership they can even change the organization’s culture. The final framework highlights five main dimensions that emerged from mid-multinational military officers’ experience: driving forces of change, triggers to shared leadership, specific cases shared leadership, operational team environment and operational team characteristics. Results of the study supported that driving forces of change comprised the primary factor affecting shared leadership in military project teams. Practical implications – The Headquarter environment (strategic and operational planning) and planning were critical factors for the successful implementation and development of shared leadership in military project teams. Thus, military organizations could easily implement the shared leadership approach in the military research teams and planning teams. Originality/value – The authors present a framework of leadership change context for military teams, which depicts how shared leadership could be implemented differently in military teams.
- Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approachPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Costa, Silvia; Lopes, Rita Rueff; Silva, Ana Junça; Neumeyer, XaverThis study explores the affective turmoil experienced by nascent entrepreneurs during opportunity recognition and exploitation. Based on the affect circumplex model, we employed nonlinear methods to identify configurations of affect that emerge during these early stages of the entrepreneurial journey. We analyzed data from 50 nascent entrepreneurs using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained with twenty affect dimensions as input variables and opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation as outcomes. Results show that nascent entrepreneurs experience different affect configurations during opportunity recognition and exploitation. While four configurations of affect emerged associated with opportunity recognition and exploitation, their nature and importance to the experienced event are significantly different. Specifically, “active screening” is the most important configuration of affect during opportunity recognition, while “vigilant” is the most important during opportunity exploitation. We posit that nonlinear methods can help to uncover the affective turmoil experienced by entrepreneurs during a particular event. These findings provide new insights on how affect associates differently with cognition during the early stages of entrepreneurship.
- Why am I so successful? Self-presentation and deliberative attributions of success in entrepreneurshipPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Brochado, AnaThis study explores the complexities of causes of success mentioned in entrepreneurs’ narratives in a broadcasted context. Building on strategic self-presentation and attribution theories, we employed inductive methods to map the configurations of public narratives explaining entrepreneurial success. The data analyzed were gathered from 173 reflective interviews featuring entrepreneurs on the United States’ National Public Radio, using machine learning techniques for semantic content analysis. The results show that entrepreneurs can adopt three strategic presentation narratives to explain success in entrepreneurship. Significantly different patterns emerge in the three strategic narrative configurations. First, “lucky charming” narratives reflect an ingratiation strategy, mentioning external and uncontrollable causes of success to increase the entrepreneurs’ likability for the audience. Second, “work striving” narratives use self-promotion strategies to push for recognition of accomplishments, efforts, and intellectual abilities. Third, “social connecting” narratives simultaneously make use of ingratiation and exemplification strategies, including capitalizing on the positive signals given by the social support attracted during their entrepreneurial journey. These three discourse patterns have implications for influencing reputation and driving business- and personal-related outcomes. The findings provide a better understanding of deliberate appearances by entrepreneurs in broadcast contexts and tools for nascent entrepreneurs to leverage their role models among those with acclaimed entrepreneurial success.