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- FOODLIT-tool: Development and validation of the adaptable food literacy tool towards global sustainability within food systemsPublication . Rosas, Raquel; Pimenta, Filipa; Leal, I.; Schwarzer, RalfFacing multiple anthropogenic challenges and considering the current global pandemic, food sustainability is stated as threatened by major intergovernmental agencies. Given the heterogeneity of food systems, the need to enhance food-related behaviours by promoting the acquisition of knowledge and competencies, and the demand to involve stakeholder's diversity, this study aims to develop and validate an instrument that measures food literacy (FL), its determinants and its influential factors in an adult sample. Based on the Food Literacy Wheel (FLW) framework and integrated within the FOODLIT-PRO - Food Literacy Project, this study has three phases and a total of 2406 participants: (1) item development and content validity, (2) instrument development entailing item reduction strategies, factor extraction methodologies (exploratory and confirmatory analyses) and sensitivity testing, with two samples of a total of 1447 adults, and (3) instrument validation encompassing tests of dimensionality (confirmatory factor analysis), reliability (composite reliability) and validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and measure invariance testing, with 959 adults. Concerning statistical and psychometric properties, (1) a pool of 40 items (26 for FL; single items: five for determinants and nine for influential factors) was developed with inductive and deductive methodologies and reflected the FLW, (2) a 5-factor structure was explored, demonstrated acceptable model fit, and good sensitivity indices, and (3) a 5-dimensional reliable structure with 24 items was validated, configural invariance was achieved, and convergent and discriminant validity were significant in most dimensions. The FOODLIT-Tool contributes with an innovative measure of FL in adults that allows for a tailored assessment when approaching food-related issues within global food systems, providing a multidisciplinary tool that can be cross-widely applied to promote food-related behaviour change.
- FOODLIT-trial: protocol of a randomised controlled digital intervention to promote food literacy and sustainability Behaviours in Adults Using the Health Action Process Approach and the behaviour change techniques taxonomy during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Rosas, Raquel; Pimenta, Filipa; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Schwarzer, RalfDietary quality and sustainability are central matters to the international community, emphasised by the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote healthier and more sustainable food-related practices, the protocol of a web-based intervention to enhance adults’ food literacy is presented. The FOODLIT-Trial is a two-arm, parallel, experimental, and single-blinded randomised controlled trial delivered over 11 weeks. Based on the Food Literacy Wheel framework and supported by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy, weekly content with customised behaviour change techniques (experimental group) is hypothesised to be more effective to promote food behaviour change when compared to a single-time and non-customised delivery of food-related international guidelines, with no theoretically informed approaches (comparison group). Primary outcome is food literacy, including food-related knowledge, skills, and behaviours, assessed with the FOODLIT-Tool; a secondary outcome includes psychological mechanisms that efficaciously predict change in participants’ food literacy, measured with HAPA-driven items. Enlisted through online sources, participants will be assessed across five time points (baseline, post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups, i.e., T0–T4). A randomisation check will be conducted, analyses will follow an intention-to-treat approach, and linear two-level models within- (T0–T4) and between-level (nested in participants) will be computed, together with a longitudinal mediation analysis. If effective, the FOODLIT-Trial will provide for a multidimensional and cost-effective intervention to enable healthier and more sustainable food practices over the long term.
- Social robots as health promoting agents: An application of the health action process approach to human-robot interaction at the workplacePublication . Lopes, Sara L.; Ferreira, Aristides I.; Prada, Rui; Schwarzer, RalfABSTRACT: Technological innovations may have the potential to improve health behavior interventions at the workplace. Using a robot as a health communicator who interacts with target individuals may be sometimes superior to human change agents. Embedded in a health behavior theory that accounts for motivational and volitional processes, an innovative study has been designed to explore operating principles and intervention effects in the domains of dietary habits, tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, and stress and anxiety. A single-arm intervention with two assessment points in time, one month apart, has been conducted with 37 employees. They were confronted with a robot that delivered a supportive interaction with the study participants addressing one of the four behavioral domains. The intervention content was pre-tested and inspired by the health action process approach (HAPA). Self-report measures of all social-cognitive constructs such as self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, risk perception, behavioral intentions, and planning were applied. Pre-post comparisons confirmed the assumption of improved scores on motivational and volitional outcome variables. Moreover, mediation analyses underscored the pivotal role of behavioral intentions that translated motivational antecedents into volitional outcomes. The intervention study highlighted the innovative potential that robots may have when it comes to design theory-based health promotion strategies at the workplace. Moreover, results also confirmed basic assumptions of the health action process approach.