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- Sustainable business models, venture typologies, and entrepreneurial ecosystems: A social network perspectivePublication . Neumeyer, Xaver; Santos, Susana CorreiaThe successful adaptation and creation of sustainable entrepreneurial ventures significantly influences the ability to create more environmentally and socially integrated economic systems. Sustainable business models are a critical component towards this goal. However, the development of sustainable business models is a complex process that requires a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Integrating literature on sustainable business models, network theory, and entrepreneurial ecosystems, we analyze the influence of organizational-level (venture types and venture tenure) and individual-level factors (types of network actors and their demographic characteristics) that influence the social network connectivity of ventures with sustainable and conventional business models. To this purpose, we modeled two municipal entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Southeast United States through a complex network of stakeholders (e.g. entrepreneurs, investors, institutional leaders) and analyzed the resulting social connectivity measures. Our results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs were underrepresented when compared to conventional entrepreneurs, but that their networks were more densely connected.We also found that different social clusters emerged, based on type of venture and business model, venture tenure, type of network actor (e.g. entrepreneur or investor), or demographic characteristic. With this study, we contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainable business models.
- Recognizing opportunities across campus: The effects of cognitive training and entrepreneurial passion on the business opportunity prototypePublication . Costa, Silvia; Santos, Susana Correia; Wach, Dominika; Caetano, Antonio
- Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: A social capital and network approachPublication . Neumeyer, Xaver; Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Kalbfleisch, PamelaThis study investigates the effects of venture typology, race, ethnicity, and past venture experience on the social capital distribution of women entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Social network data from two municipal ecosystems in Florida, USA (Gainesville and Jacksonville), suggest that network connectivity and the distribution of social capital are significantly different for men and women entrepreneurs. This difference is contingent on the venture type.Male entrepreneurs show higher comparative scores of bridging social capital in aggressive- and managed-growth venture networks, while women entrepreneurs surpass their male counterparts’ bridging capital scores in lifestyle and survival venture networks. Lastly, experienced women entrepreneurs that self-identified as white showed a higher degree of network connectivity and bridging social capital in the entrepreneurial ecosystem than less experienced non-white female entrepreneurs. Implications for entrepreneurship practice and new research paths are discussed.
- Predictors of entrepreneurial activity before and during the European economic crisisPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; SPAGNOLI, Paola; Costa, Sílvia Fernandes; Neumeyer, XaverThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of individual characteristics and social norms as variables that explain early-stage entrepreneurial activity before and during the European crisis. We used the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey data from Southern European countries (Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal) and Northern European countries (Sweden, Norway and Finland) in 2007, 2010, 2012 and 2013. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the role of individual characteristics (self-efficacy, perceptions of opportunities, role model and risk perceptions) and social norms (desirable career choice, status and respect and public media) on the early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). Results show that individual characteristics are the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activity, and this effect stays stable throughout the time of the crisis; and social norms have an absent or low effect on entrepreneurial activity, with slight fluctuations during the crisis. These results highlight the role of individual predictors on the entrepreneurial activity despite the macroeconomic environment, which empathizes the importance of education and training to promote the entrepreneurial mindset and attitude.
- Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approachPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Costa, Silvia; Lopes, Rita Rueff; Silva, Ana Junça; Neumeyer, XaverThis study explores the affective turmoil experienced by nascent entrepreneurs during opportunity recognition and exploitation. Based on the affect circumplex model, we employed nonlinear methods to identify configurations of affect that emerge during these early stages of the entrepreneurial journey. We analyzed data from 50 nascent entrepreneurs using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained with twenty affect dimensions as input variables and opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation as outcomes. Results show that nascent entrepreneurs experience different affect configurations during opportunity recognition and exploitation. While four configurations of affect emerged associated with opportunity recognition and exploitation, their nature and importance to the experienced event are significantly different. Specifically, “active screening” is the most important configuration of affect during opportunity recognition, while “vigilant” is the most important during opportunity exploitation. We posit that nonlinear methods can help to uncover the affective turmoil experienced by entrepreneurs during a particular event. These findings provide new insights on how affect associates differently with cognition during the early stages of entrepreneurship.
- Why am I so successful? Self-presentation and deliberative attributions of success in entrepreneurshipPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Brochado, AnaThis study explores the complexities of causes of success mentioned in entrepreneurs’ narratives in a broadcasted context. Building on strategic self-presentation and attribution theories, we employed inductive methods to map the configurations of public narratives explaining entrepreneurial success. The data analyzed were gathered from 173 reflective interviews featuring entrepreneurs on the United States’ National Public Radio, using machine learning techniques for semantic content analysis. The results show that entrepreneurs can adopt three strategic presentation narratives to explain success in entrepreneurship. Significantly different patterns emerge in the three strategic narrative configurations. First, “lucky charming” narratives reflect an ingratiation strategy, mentioning external and uncontrollable causes of success to increase the entrepreneurs’ likability for the audience. Second, “work striving” narratives use self-promotion strategies to push for recognition of accomplishments, efforts, and intellectual abilities. Third, “social connecting” narratives simultaneously make use of ingratiation and exemplification strategies, including capitalizing on the positive signals given by the social support attracted during their entrepreneurial journey. These three discourse patterns have implications for influencing reputation and driving business- and personal-related outcomes. The findings provide a better understanding of deliberate appearances by entrepreneurs in broadcast contexts and tools for nascent entrepreneurs to leverage their role models among those with acclaimed entrepreneurial success.