WJCR - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Bridging guidelines and practice: Questioning styles in judicial interviews with child sexual abuse victims in PortugalPublication . Fernandes, Delfina; Gomes, João P.; Almeida, Telma Sousa; Matos, Marlene; Albuquerque, Pedro B.central evidentiary mechanism in child sexual abuse (CSA) cases in Portugal. This procedure aims to prevent children from testifying at trial and to collect their accounts closer in time to the alleged events. Although evidence-based guidelines recommend open-ended, child-centered interviewing practices, little is known about how questioning is conducted in SFU interviews. Objective: This study examined questioning styles and children's responses in SFU interviews to assess alignment with best-practice recommendations. Participants and setting: The sample comprised 128 SFU interviews conducted between 2014 and 2024 with CSA victims aged 4 to 19 years. Methods: This retrospective observational study coded interviewer utterance types and children's responses in real-world SFU interviews. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effects models were conducted. Results: Option-posing utterances were significantly more frequent than all other utterance types. Focused-recognition prompts were approximately twice as frequent as open or recall-based prompts. Invitations accounted for only 6% of utterances. Because focused-recognition prompts were used so frequently, more than half of the children's reported details were elicited through these prompts. Although rarely used, invitations were the most productive utterance type, eliciting the greatest number of details per utterance. Conclusions: Despite international guidelines supporting child-centered, open-ended interviewing, Portuguese judicial interviews rely heavily on recognition-based questioning. Children's responses may therefore be more vulnerable to error and interviewer influence, potentially compromising testimonial reliability. Findings highlight the need to strengthen adherence to evidence-based interviewing protocols and child-sensitive justice practices.
- Gender and judicial decision-making: A systematic review of how gendered narratives shape judicial reasoningPublication . Pereira, Bárbara; Sousa, Marta; Rodrigues, Andreia de Castro; de Castro Rodrigues, AndreiaGendered assumptions within judicial reasoning shape how cases of sexual violence (SV) are interpreted, prosecuted, and adjudicated. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on how gender stereotypes and cultural myths influence judicial and prosecutorial perceptions of adult female victims, primarily in SV cases, with limited evidence from intimate partner violence (IPV). Twenty-eight studies, with judges, prosecutors, and jury eligible mock jurors’ samples were identified across five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS), following PRISMA guidelines. Findings suggest that gender stereotypes function as heuristic frameworks shaping the construction and discounting of victim credibility, the interpretation of evidence, and the attribution of responsibility. These patterns were most consistently observed in SV contexts, where deviations from the “ideal victim” stereotype were associated with increased victim-blaming and reduced case progression. Evidence from IPV studies, although limited, suggests distinct credibility dynamics linked to ongoing relational contexts. The review highlights the persistence of gendered biases across decision-maker types and study designs. Conclusions are therefore tempered by the heterogeneity of the evidence base and the predominance of SV research. The findings support the need for structural, procedural, and training-based interventions to reduce bias and promote more equitable judicial outcomes.