Percorrer por autor "Martins, Paulo"
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- Análise das Qualidades Psicométricas da Versão Portuguesa do Inventário de Avaliação da Espontaneidade (SAI-R)Publication . Gonzalez, A.-J.; Martins, Paulo; Lima; Rosado, AntónioA espontaneidade e as suas ligações à saúde mental e ao bem-estar são uma componente central quer na teoria quer na prática do psicodrama, e a literatura especializada associa a presença de patologia à falta de espontaneidade. Neste artigo, elencam-se alguns dos resultados obtidos em estudos em língua inglesa do SAI-R e apresentam-se os estudos da sua validação para a população portuguesa. Na validação do SAI-R para o contexto português, foi confirmada a estrutura fatorial com 719 sujeitos, distribuídos em duas amostras independentes. Os participantes tinham idades entre os 18 e os 69 anos. Por fim, foram testadas a fiabilidade compósita e a validade convergente, bem como a validade do tipo critério em duas amostras independentes (n1ªamostra=348 e n2ªamostra=371). Apesar de serem necessários mais estudos com populações clínicas, o SAI-R apresenta-se como um instrumento curto e válido para aplicar em contextos clínicos e não clínicos quando se pretende avaliar a espontaneidade. Palavras-chave: psicodrama; espontaneidade; sintomas afetivos; testes psicológicos
- A análise dos projetos pessoais em psicoterapia: As potencialidades de uma abordagem idiográficaPublication . Albuquerque, Isabel; Gonzalez, António J.; Martins, Paulo; P. De Lima, MargaridaA investigação tem mostrado que a monitorização do progresso do cliente em processo terapêutico mediante uma abordagem idiográfica que contemple a sua individualidade, pode trazer benefícios substantivos na superação de dificuldades e de problemas específicos. A utilização de metas pessoais é uma das formas propostas para a concretização desta abordagem. A metodologia de Análise de Projetos Pessoais proporciona meios para reformular o sistema de projetos, encorajar o indivíduo a investir em novos projetos, observar o modo como estes se promovem entre si ou criam conflitos ou resistências, reconhecer e trabalhar as estruturas ecológicas que os impedem de ser sustentáveis, realizar uma hierarquização que ajude o indivíduo a organizar o seu sistema de projetos, de modo a que ele seja funcional, exequível e tenha coerência e significado. Todas estas características dotam esta metodologia de potencialidades para ser implementada na psicoterapia e aconselhamento, como forma de ultrapassar as fragilidades de uma abordagem apenas nomotética.
- Personal projects analysis as an idiographic approach in psychotherapy: An exploratory studyPublication . Pedroso de Lima, Margarida; Albuquerque, Isabel; Martins, Paulo; Gonzalez, António JoséClient feedback research is a new but encouraging area that recognizes the importance of engaging patients in offered treatments and the relevance of the relationship between therapist and client. This study aimed to explore clients’ experiences of goal-oriented work using Personal Projects Analysis (PPA). PPA was applied to 5 participants of a psychodrama group after their consent and in agreement with the ethics and deontology research university committee. Their progress was evaluated with Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; 4 moments) and subjective well-being measures. Findings show how personal projects may be informative about clients’ difficulties and change processes. All outcomes on CORE-OM went below clinical cut-off points, and all these changes are reliable and clinically significant. PPA offers a consistent way to implement the goals approach in a psychotherapeutic context successfully. Nevertheless, some adjustments need to be implemented in the goal-oriented work using PPA.
- Portuguese Version of the Ageing Attitudes Questionnaire (AAQ): Validation of the Psychometric PropertiesPublication . Pedroso de Lima, Margarida; Martins, Paulo; Gonzalez, António-JoséThe Ageing Attitudes Questionnaire—AAQ was validated for the Portuguese population to understand the importance of attitudes towards old age and their impact on the subjective wellbeing of older adults. A sample of 400 subjects (from 18 to 93 years) answered a socio-demographic questionnaire, and the AAQ, composed of three subscales (psychosocial losses, physical change, and psychological growth). The CFA confirmed the tri-factorial structure with very good adjustment of the model to the data, with the Cronbach alpha of the total scale scoring 0.84 and ranging from 0.65 to 0.77 for each factor. A total of nine items were omitted for poor factor loadings (<0.50), namely in factor 1 items 9-17-20, in factor 2 items 7 and 24 and, finally, in factor 3 we omitted items 4-18-19-21. Notwithstanding, three items below the criteria were maintained, as they conceptually fit into the factor. Of the final 15 AAQ items, 5 belong to the Psychosocial Loss Factor, 6 to Physical Change Factor, and 4 to Psychosocial Growth Factor. This tree factor model explained 50.1% of the total variance. In conclusion, this study supports that AAQ has acceptable validity, confirming the composite reliability and the discriminant validity, but not the convergent validity. Through multigroup analysis, the invariance of the scale was confirmed. This validation is of pivotal importance once it allows measuring attitudes towards ageing in the Portuguese population, thus facilitating the prevention of ageism and the promotion of well-being across the lifespan.
- Positive development based on the teaching of personal and social responsibility: An intervention program with institutionalized youngstersPublication . Martins, Paulo; Gonzalez, António-José; de Lima, Margarida Pedroso; Faleiro, João; Preto, LuísFrom the standpoint of the school settings, sport participation constitutes a key strategy concerning the manifestation of positive behaviors that result from the development of personal and social responsibility. Based on the TPSR model, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention geared toward teaching life skills through sport to youngsters who had been committed. The participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. After the initial evaluation, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in the community football program, while the control group attended physical education classes not based on the TPSR model. The experimental model consisted of 3 weekly sessions over the course of 6 weeks, which totaled 18 sessions. This investigation supplied empirical evidence concerning the potential of community sport programs in the teaching and development of life skills deemed necessary for an adequate reintegration of such at-risk youngsters. The model was shown to be valid both in stimulating changes of attitudes and in promoting the adherence to socially positive behaviors. The effectiveness of the model, as well as its unique approach, make its application attractive to both the youngsters and the professionals. This program facilitates the training of youngsters to act, in the sense of promoting both their autonomy and the acquisition of a system of ethics and moral values within a culture of responsibility for how decisions affect the individual and the community. Finally, this intervention generated empirical support in favor of the argument that sport constitutes a unique opportunity within the educational process to establish values, beliefs, attitudes, and practical habits pertaining relationships and cooperation that generate social responsibility in individuals.
- Psychometric properties of the Spontaneity Assessment Inventory-Revised (SAI-R): The 3-factor hypothesisPublication . Martins, Paulo; Gonzalez, António-José; Lima, Margarida Pedroso de; Rosado, António; Gonzalez, António JoséSpontaneity and its connections to mental health and wellbeing are a central issue in both theory and practice of psychodrama, and the specialized literature sometimes even associates the presence of pathology to a lack of spontaneity. This paper describes spontaneity in Moreno’s theory, its assessment, its association with other measures and concepts, and scientific advances in the field. Specifically, we present results obtained with the English and Portuguese-language versions concerning its assessment. The main purpose of this work was to study the spontaneity measure (SAI-R) in a 3 first-order factors version for a Portuguese sample of 439 subjects, divided into two independent samples. The mean age of participants was 25.6 years (SD = 10.2), and ages ranged between 18 and 64 years. Data was collected through an online platform of a Portuguese market research company. The results revealed that the 3-factor model has acceptable validity for items 1 (“Creative”) and 7 (“Euphoric”), confirming the composite reliability, the convergent validity, but not the discriminant validity. Through multi-group analysis, the model proved to be stable. Notwithstanding the need for complementary studies, including clinical samples, the SAI-R is a short and valid instrument in clinical and non-clinical contexts when evaluating spontaneity.
- Psychotherapeutic playback theatre, well-being, and psychological distress: An impact studyPublication . Gonzalez, A.-J.; Lima, Margarida Pedroso de; Preto, Luis; Martins, PauloABSTRACT: Psychotherapeutic Playback Theatre (PPT) is a new psychotherapeutic format inspired by Playback Theatre and several therapies. The research presented here aims to study the impact of PPT on the Well-being and Psychological Distress of participants in this expressive-based group psychotherapy. To achieve this, after training 30 psychotherapists and creating an implementation handbook for their use, the research team assisted 20 of them (individually or in groups of two or three) in implementing therapeutic groups that offered 12 weekly sessions, each lasting two to three hours. Nine groups were formed, including a total of 50 participants, who were assessed before and after the PPT program using questionnaires evaluating Psychological Distress and Well-being. The latter consisted of six subscales: Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, and Self-Acceptance. A control group of 50 participants was assessed using the same variables. No significant differences were found between pre- and post-tests in the control group. However, significant differences were observed in the PPT group, with Psychological Distress decreasing and Well-being improving, both on the total scale and across all subscales except for Self-Acceptance. This set of results allows us to establish connections between participation in the PPT sessions and the positive psycho-emotional effects on participants.