Browsing by Author "Greenwood, Ronni Michelle"
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- Comparison of housing first and traditional homeless service users in eight european countries: Protocol for a mixed methods, Multi-site studyPublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Manning, Rachel; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Cross, Oisin; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Auquier, Pascal; Santinello, Massimo; Wolf, Judith R; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Källmen, Håkan; Spinnewijn, Frederik; Ornelas, JoséHomeless services expend considerable resources to provide for service users' most basic needs, such as food and shelter, but their track record for ending homelessness is disappointing. An alternative model, Housing First, reversed the order of services so that homeless individuals are offered immediate access to independent housing, with wraparound supports but no treatment or abstinence requirements. Although the evidence base for Housing First's effectiveness in ending homelessness is robust, less is known about its effectiveness in promoting recovery.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel M.; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, JoseAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needsmay feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficultto do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in aneighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provideindividuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important torecovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged withHousing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individualsengaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and thatdistal support would predict more community integration, growth‐relatedrecovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homelessservices users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight Europeancountries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery,distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmedour hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achievedcapabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration.Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HFon social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying importantmediators that translate the effects of HF components on social andpsychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case managementactivities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with otherswho live and work in their neighborhoods.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of housing first and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel M.; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria João; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of housing first and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas‐Moniz, Maria J.; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needsmay feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficultto do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in aneighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provideindividuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important torecovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged withHousing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individualsengaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and thatdistal support would predict more community integration, growth‐relatedrecovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homelessservices users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight Europeancountries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery,distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmedour hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achievedcapabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration.Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HFon social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying importantmediators that translate the effects of HF components on social andpsychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case managementactivities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with otherswho live and work in their neighborhoods
- Homeless adults’ recovery experiences in housing first and traditional services programs in seven european countriesPublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Manning, M; O' Shaughnessy, Branagh; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Loubiere, Sandrine; Spinnewijn, Freek; Lenzi, Michela; Wolf, Walter; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Källmen, Håkan; Ornelas, José; Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Almas, Inês; Duarte, Teresa; Disperati, Francesca; Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Marques, Rita P.; Carmona, Maria; Nave, Américo; Rivero, Borja; Julián, Martin; Zmaczynska–Witek, Barbara; Katarzyna, Skałacka; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Schel, Sandra; Peters, Yvonne; Van Loenen, Tessa; Raben, Liselotte; Beijer, Ulla; Blid, Mats; Bispo, Teresa; Cruz, Tiago; Pereira, Carla; Auquier, Pascal; Petit, Leon; Tinland, AurelieAcross Europe, as governments turn to housing-led strategies in attempts to reverse rising rates of homelessness, increasing numbers of Housing First (HF) programs are being implemented. As HF programs become more widespread, it is important to understand how service users experience them compared to the more prevalent traditional treatment-first approach to addressing long-term homelessness. Although there is a large body of research on service users' experiences of Housing First compared to treatment-first in North American contexts, comparatively less is known about how these two categories of homeless services are experienced in the European context. In a correlational and cross-sectional study, part of a larger examination of homelessness in Europe, participants (n = 520) engaged with either HF (n = 245) or traditional services (TS; n = 275) programs in seven countries completed measures of their experiences of services (consumer choice, housing quality, and service satisfaction) and recovery (time in independent housing, psychiatric symptoms, and community integration). Across the seven countries, participants engaged with HF programs reported experiencing more consumer choice, better perceived housing quality, and more satisfaction with services than participants engaged in TS programs. Participants in HF programs also reported a greater proportion of time in independent accommodation, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and more community integration. Varying patterns of association between experiences of services and recovery outcomes were observed. Findings indicate HF consistently predicts greater recovery than TS across diverse sociopolitical and economic contexts. Implications of findings for configurations of homeless services and homeless services policy are discussed.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about homelessness and willingness-to-pay for housing-first across 8 European countries: a survey protocolPublication . Petit, J. M.; Loubiere, Sandrine; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Tinland, A.; Spinnewijn, Feek; Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Santinello, Massimo; Wolf, Judith R.; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Kallmen, H.; Ornelas, José; Auquier, PascalBackground: Most European countries report rising numbers of people experiencing homelessness. For those with mental disorders, interventions are centered on achieving mental health and drug rehabilitation alongside housing readiness, often to the detriment of access to housing. Notwithstanding, more European countries are investing in a newmodel, Housing First (HF), which postulates immediate access to permanent housing with no initial requirements for treatment. While results of the European HF programs are published on individual-level data, little is known about the opinions of the general population about homelessness and the societal value of the HF model, which can represent barriers to the model’s dissemination. Therefore, we present the protocol of a study designed for the following objectives: 1) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about homelessness within the general population of 8 European countries, 2) to assess the valuation of the HF model by European citizens, and 3) to estimate the lifetime prevalence of homelessness in the targeted countries. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted from March to December 2017 among adults selected from opt-in panels from France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Poland, and Sweden. A total sample of 5600 interviews was expected, with 700 per country. The interviews included three sections: first, the KAP about homelessness; second, the valuation of the HF model by measuring a respondent’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) through the contingent valuation method; and third, an assessment of the lifetime prevalence of homelessness among the general population. Descriptive analyses and comparisons between countries will be conducted. KAP indicators will be created and their psychometric properties assessed. Determinants of WTP will be assessed through regression models. Discussion: This survey will highlight Europeans’ views of homelessness, especially their level of tolerance towards homelessness, potential misconceptions and the most important barriers for the implementation of the HF model. Additionally, the results on the valuation of the HF model by citizens could be instrumental for key stakeholders in understanding the level of support from the general population. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Aix-Marseille University Ethics Committee (n° 2016-01-02-01) for this study, which is part of HOME_EU: Reversing Homelessness in Europe H2O20-SC6-REVINEQUAL-2016/GA726997.
- Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless servicesPublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel M.; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Sacchetto, Beatrice; Ornelas, José; Jorge-Monteiro, Maria Fátima; Almas, Inês; Duarte, Teresa; Disperati, Francesca; Gaboardi, Marta; Lenzi, Michela; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Marques, Rita P.; Carmona, Maria; Nave, Américo; Bernad, Roberto; Rivero Jiménez, Borja; Julien, Martin; Bokszczanin, Anna; Zmaczynska-Witek, Barbara; Katarzyna, Skałacka; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Schel, Sandra; Peters, Yvonne; vanLoenen, Tessa; Raben, Liselotte; Wolf, Judith; Beijer, Ulla; Blid, Mats; Källmen, Håkan; Bispo, Maria Teresa; Cruz, Tiago; Pereira, Carla; Auquier, Pascal; Petit, Junie M.; Loubière, Sandrine; Tinland, AurélieBackground Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their efectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity. Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n=245) or treatment as usual (n=320). Results Exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.