Repositório do ISPA
Repositório Institucional do Ispa-Instituto Universitário
Entradas recentes
Sequelae of child maltreatment: Umbrella synthesis of 148 meta‐analyses on the mental health correlates
Publication . Coughlan, Barry; Duschinsky, Robbie; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.; Bakkum, Lianne; Skinner, Guy C. M.; Markham, Alfred; Beckwith, Helen; Ijzendoorn, Marinus H. van
Background: Numerous meta‐analyses have established associations between child maltreatment (CM) and mental health difficulties (MH). However, variation exists
between meta‐analyses regarding the magnitude of these predictions.
Methods: A systematic, quantitative umbrella synthesis (i.e., meta‐analysis of metaanalyses) was undertaken to describe the associations between various types of CM and MH. Meta‐analyses were included if they examined CM, including but not limited to retrospective reports in adulthood, and MH at any point. Included forms of CM were: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence. MH outcomes were: externalising problems, internalising problems, thought problems, suicidal distress, substance misuse, and other psychological difficulties. Searches were run in January 2024. Random effects models were created in R version 4.2.0.
Results: We analysed and combined effect sizes from 148 quantitative metaanalyses, including 668 effect sizes and over 9.5 million data points. CM was associated with all MH outcomes: (1) externalising problems (r = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.18–0.24; k = 32), (2) internalising problems (r = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.20–0.24; k = 46), (3) thought problems (r = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.21–0.27; k = 38), (4) suicidal distress (r = 0.23; 95% CI 0.18–0.28; k = 19), (5) substance misuse (r = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.13–0.26; k = 13), (6) other psychological difficulties (r = 0.24; 95%
CI = 0.20–0.28; k = 50). Associations tend to be of similar magnitude for different forms of CM.
Conclusion: CM is robustly associated with MH. A parsimonious explanation for these findings would be a common mechanism(s) or a general psychopathology factor conferring high‐risk for different mental health difficulties following CM. The results possibly question the conventional wisdom that suggests some forms of maltreatment are intrinsically more harmful to mental health than others. However, further work is required to understand how potentially confounding factors (e.g., age, measurement of CM) influence these associations.
Early parenting and infant–parent attachment: Developmental origins of psychotic experiences
Publication . Hidalgo, Andrea P. Cortes; Bolhuis, Koen; Tiemeier, Henning; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.; IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van
Introduction: The infant–parent relationship is theorized to be related to the origins of psychotic experiences, given the key role of infant–parent attachment and early-life caregiving in children’s neurodevelopmental trajectories. Yet, the magnitude of this
association is not well understood, and research is often based on self-reports. We examined the relationship of disconnected and
extremely insensitive parenting and disorganized infant attachment with the occurrence of psychotic experiences in childhood and adolescence. We additionally examined the role of maternal experiences of loss, a hypothesized antecedent of disconnected
parenting, disorganized attachment, and psychotic experiences.
Methods: This prospective study ( N = 627) is embedded in the Generation R Study. Maternal experiences of loss within 2 years
of the child’s birth were self-reported. Parenting behaviors (based on continuous scores) and the infant–parent attachment were observed when infants were 14 months old. Psychotic experiences were self-reported via questionnaires at ages 10 and 14 years. We used a structural equation model adjusted for covariates to assess the association between maternal loss experiences, parenting behaviors, infant disorganized attachment, and psychotic experiences.
Results: Extreme insensitive parenting was associated with more hallucinations and delusions at age 14 years (hallucinations OR
= 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66; delusions OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.68). Disorganized infant attachment and disconnected parenting
were not related to psychotic experiences. Maternal experiences of loss were not associated with psychotic experiences, and we
found no evidence for a pathway between maternal experiences of loss, parenting behaviors, or disorganized attachment, and
subsequent psychotic experiences.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the role of disorganized infant–parent attachment in the risk of psychotic experiences of
children from the general population might be smaller than expected. Instead, our results suggest that adverse caregiving behaviors related to harsh and maltreating parenting very early in development may predict psychotic experiences in adolescence.
Pain perceptions, body image, and quality of life in women with endometriosis
Publication . Correia, Mariana; Brandão, Tânia; Pais Brandão, Tânia Raquel
Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by
significant pain leading to a diminished quality of life (QoL). This study investigated the
extent to which body image mediates the relationship between pain perception and
QoL.
Methods: A total of 106 women (mean age=33.54 years, SD=7.43) participated in this
cross-sectional study.
Results: The results indicated that both pain perception and body image significantly
influenced QoL. Mediation analysis revealed that higher pain perception was associated
with increased body dissatisfaction, which, in turn, contributed to poorer QoL.
Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to
endometriosis management.
O papel do professor e dos pares na inclusão de alunos migrantes
Publication . Laranjeira, Ricardo Nuno da Silva Campos Fontes; Gaitas, Sérgio
O aumento da migração, vem introduzir na escola, uma maior diversidade linguística e cultural, criando barreiras sociais e de aprendizagem, à inclusão de alunos migrantes que não dominam a língua nativa. Considerando que estas barreiras podem ser ultrapassadas mais facilmente, com o auxílio dos pares, importa que sejam desenvolvidos ambientes positivos de inclusão, o mais cedo possível, nas escolas. Em Portugal vigora a lei 54/2018, que vem estipular o direito de todos os alunos em aceder e participar nos mesmos contextos educativos, sublinhando que a escola é para todos. Para que o contexto educativo se torne mais inclusivo,
cabe aos professores executarem uma avaliação contínua e sistemática, com o objetivo de determinar quais as estratégias, de diferenciação pedagógica, que devem ser implementadas,
bem como, a melhor forma de as adaptar às necessidades dos alunos. A presente investigação tem como objetivo caracterizar as estratégias de ensino, mobilizadas pelos professores, em turmas de 1º ciclo com alunos migrantes de língua materna não portuguesa. Também é
objetivado, a descrição das experiências sociais de alunos migrantes de 1º ciclo com os seus pares nativos. De modo a responder aos objetivos, foram realizados dois estudos de caso, em turmas de 3º e 4º ano letivo, em que se constituíram como participantes os 20 alunos e a professora titular, de cada uma das turmas. Foram realizadas observações, em sala de aula, recreio e refeitório, com recurso a duas grelhas de observação criadas para o efeito. Realizaram se 17 entrevistas no total, aos vários participantes, professores, alunos de língua portuguesa e migrantes. Foi também criado um sociograma de cada uma das turmas em análise. Da análise dos dados obtidos foi possível categorizar o modo como as professoras colocavam em prática as estratégias escolhidas, foi possível verificar a existência de apoio entre pares em sala de aula, ainda que sejam estabelecidas interações diferentes entre as turmas. Por último, foi possível
descrever as interações sociais entre os alunos migrantes e os seus colegas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que existem estratégias que promovem a inclusão dos alunos, e que outras poderão representar um fator de exclusão. Os resultados também indicam que os pares podem ser um meio importante na inclusão dos colegas migrantes, através do apoio prestado dentro e fora da sala de aula.
The refugees’ “integration” in portugal an exploratory study
Publication . Briozzo, Erica; Vargas-Moniz, Maria João
In an era marked by heightened border control and securitization of migration, war,
genocide, and Land devastation, this thesis sits alongside the critical scholars' increasing call
for migration research that can help build communities rooted in solidarity with refugees. The
present dissertation, titled “The refugees’ 'integration' in Portugal: an exploratory study,”
consists of an exploratory research project that seeks to contribute to the knowledge production
in migration studies.
The exploratory objectives of the research project presented in this thesis unfold on two
primary levels: using the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic to explore structural problems,
disparities, and pre-existing barriers within the Portuguese asylum system; and understanding
the experiences of refugees and Civil society actors (CSAs) in the urban context of Lisbon,
considering refugees not as the sole unit of analysis; to understand the experiences of refugees,
based on a combination of existing literature and empirical evidence. To explore the supra
local nexus and transnational value of research outcomes, and to contribute to a deeper
understanding of the role played by CSAs in migration governance.
To engage with these goals, and consistent with Community Psychology's pluralism and
triangulation methodological perspective, a multi-qualitative case study was implemented.
The main body of the thesis was organized according to the following sections: an
Introduction, which presents an overview of the entire research project, rationales, theoretical
perspective; State of the Art in the field of migration Studies, the research project-based
theoretical framework, as well as a descriptive overview of the Portuguese asylum reception
context. The second section will present the research project’s method, phases, questions, and
design. The third section comprises four studies, which represent the empirical evidence
supporting this thesis. The fourth session concludes with a detailed presentation of the main
evidence encompassing three different levels: methodological, theoretical, and practical.
Additionally, it addresses limitations of the research project, ethical challenges, and outlines
future research lines. Finally, the last session provides appendices with supplementary
materials and field images.