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Dissociações entre tarefas de memória: Evidência para uma distinção entre as memórias implícita e explícita
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As investigações sobre memória humana têm revelado
dissociações entre diferentes tarefas de memória, quer
em sujeitos normais, quer em pacientes com défices de
memória. O presente estudo procurou avaliar a aplicabilidade
das abordagens teóricas dominantes nesta área em participantes
normais. A abordagem dos múltiplos sistemas
de memória prevê dissociações entre um sistema de memória
implícita e um sistema de memória explícita. Alternativamente,
a abordagem da transferência apropriada de
processamento prevê dissociações baseadas no grau de
sobreposição das operações cognitivas requeridas na
codificação e recuperação da informação, prevendo dissociações
entre tarefas conceptuais e perceptivas. Os resultados
obtidos revelaram que o desempenho nas tarefas de memória
explícita de evocação livre e evocação guiada por pistas
grafémicas se dissociou do desempenho nas tarefas de
memória implícita de completamento de fragmentos de
palavras e de conhecimento geral. A manipulação do nível
de processamento de informação durante o estudo potenciou
o desempenho nas tarefas explícitas, mas não teve qualquer
efeito nas tarefas implícitas, independentemente do carácter
conceptual ou perceptivo das mesmas. Estes resultados
sugerem que as dissociações entre diferentes tarefas de
memória são melhor compreendidas assumindo a existência
de diferentes sistemas de memória subjacentes às diferentes
tarefas.
ABSTRACT: Human memory research has been revealing dissociations among memory tasks, both in normal and in memoryimpaired subjects. This study evaluates the applicability of the dominant theoretical approaches in this domain to normal participants. The memory systems approach predicts dissociations between an implicit memory system and an explicit memory system. Alternatively, a processing account predicts dissociations based on the degree of overlap between the cognitive operations at study and test, resulting in dissociations between conceptual and perceptive tasks. Results revealed that performance in the explicit memory tasks of free recall and graphemic cued recall was dissociated from performance in the implicit memory tasks of word fragment completion and general knowledge questions. The manipulation of the level of processing at study enhanced performance in the explicit memory tasks, but had no effect on the implicit memory ones, independently of the perceptive or conceptual nature of the tasks. These findings suggest that dissociations among memory measures are better explained in terms of different memory systems that underlie different memory tasks.
ABSTRACT: Human memory research has been revealing dissociations among memory tasks, both in normal and in memoryimpaired subjects. This study evaluates the applicability of the dominant theoretical approaches in this domain to normal participants. The memory systems approach predicts dissociations between an implicit memory system and an explicit memory system. Alternatively, a processing account predicts dissociations based on the degree of overlap between the cognitive operations at study and test, resulting in dissociations between conceptual and perceptive tasks. Results revealed that performance in the explicit memory tasks of free recall and graphemic cued recall was dissociated from performance in the implicit memory tasks of word fragment completion and general knowledge questions. The manipulation of the level of processing at study enhanced performance in the explicit memory tasks, but had no effect on the implicit memory ones, independently of the perceptive or conceptual nature of the tasks. These findings suggest that dissociations among memory measures are better explained in terms of different memory systems that underlie different memory tasks.
Description
Keywords
Memória implícita Memória explícita Processamento perceptivo Processamento conceptual Dissociações Implicit memory Explicit memory Datadriven Processes Conceptually-driven Processes Dissociations
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 24(4), 519-532
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada