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Publication
Desenvolvimento e validação da Escala de Avaliação das Necessidades de Formação no Luto (ENFL)
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os profissionais de saúde experimentam um significativo sofrimento com as perdas
dos seus doentes, com possíveis consequências para a sua vida profissional e pessoal. Segundo
a literatura, a sobrecarga de luto profissional está associada a elevados níveis de stress e
burnout. Em parte, esta resposta reflete a falta de preparação para comunicar as más notícias,
lidar com pacientes na iminência de morrer e com os lutos dos respetivos familiares. Daí a
importância da formação na área do luto, pois não só tem um efeito protetor sobre a saúde
psicológica dos profissionais de saúde, como promove melhor um atendimento e cuidado aos
doentes e familiares. A avaliação prévia das necessidades dos profissionais garante uma maior
adesão e eficácia dos programas de formação. No entanto, do nosso conhecimento, não existe
nenhum instrumento de avaliação das necessidades formativas na área do luto dos profissionais.
O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver e validar uma Escala de Avaliação das
Necessidades de Formação no Luto (ENFL). Os itens foram desenvolvidos através da revisão
da literatura e sujeitos análise mediante o método Delphi para validação do conteúdo. A seguir,
o instrumento foi aplicado a uma amostra de 5 profissionais de saúde (Psicólogos, Médicos,
Enfermeiros e Assistentes Sociais) recolhida através de um questionário online.
Adicionalmente foram administrados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Sobrecarga de Luto
Profissional (SLP), Inventário Maslach Burnout – Human Services Survey (MBI – HSS) e a
Escala Death Attitude Profile – Revised (DAP- R). Foram recrutados 221 profissionais de saúde,
entre os quais 63,3% enfermeiros, 23,5% psicólogos, 10,8% médicos e 2,2% assistentes sociais.
A maioria da amostra é do sexo feminino (93,7%) e do Serviço de Cuidados Paliativos
(19,46%), com idades compreendidas entre os 23 e os 66 anos. A análise exploratória extraiu 3
fatores: Fator 1 – Intervenção e Avaliação do Luto Pós-Morte, Fator 2 – Intervenção e
Avaliação do Luto Pré-Morte, Fator 3 – Motivação para a Formação no Luto, sendo a
consistência interna da escala descrita por um alfa cronbach de 0.951 (Excelente). Conclui-se
que a Escala de Avaliação das Necessidades de Formação no Luto (ENFL) é um instrumento
fiável e válido, que reúne as qualidades psicométricas necessárias para avaliar, de forma precisa,
as necessidades formativas dos profissionais de saúde na área do Luto.
ABSTRACT: Health professionals experience significant suffering from the loss of their patients, with possible consequences for their professional and personal lives. According to the literature, the burden of professional bereavement is associated with high levels of stress and burnout. In part, this response reflects a lack of preparation for communicating bad news, dealing with patients who are about to die and the grief of their families. Hence the importance of training in bereavement, as it not only has a protective effect on the psychological health of healthcare professionals, but also promotes better care and attention for patients and their families. Prior assessment of professionals' needs guarantees greater adherence to and effectiveness of training programs. However, to our knowledge, there is no instrument for assessing professionals' training needs in bereavement. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Scale for the Evaluation of Training Needs in Bereavement (ENFL). The items were developed through a literature review and analyzed using the Delphi method for content validation. The instrument was then applied to a sample of five health professionals (psychologists, doctors, nurses and social workers) using an online questionnaire. In addition, the following instruments were administered: Professional Grief Overload Scale (SLP), Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI - HSS) and the Death Attitude Profile - Revised Scale (DAP- R). A total of 221 health professionals were recruited, including 63.3% nurses, 23.5% psychologists, 10.8% doctors and 2.2% social workers. The majority of the sample was female (93.7%) and from the Palliative Care Service (19.46%), with ages ranging from 23 to 66. The exploratory analysis extracted 3 factors: Factor 1 - Intervention and Assessment of Post-Death Bereavement, Factor 2 - Intervention and Assessment of Pre-Death Bereavement, Factor 3 - Motivation for Bereavement Training, with the scale's internal consistency described by a cronbach's alpha of 0.951 (Excellent). The conclusion is that the Scale for the Evaluation of Training Needs in Bereavement (ENFL) is a reliable and valid instrument that has the psychometric qualities needed to accurately evaluate the training needs of health professionals in the area of bereavement.
ABSTRACT: Health professionals experience significant suffering from the loss of their patients, with possible consequences for their professional and personal lives. According to the literature, the burden of professional bereavement is associated with high levels of stress and burnout. In part, this response reflects a lack of preparation for communicating bad news, dealing with patients who are about to die and the grief of their families. Hence the importance of training in bereavement, as it not only has a protective effect on the psychological health of healthcare professionals, but also promotes better care and attention for patients and their families. Prior assessment of professionals' needs guarantees greater adherence to and effectiveness of training programs. However, to our knowledge, there is no instrument for assessing professionals' training needs in bereavement. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Scale for the Evaluation of Training Needs in Bereavement (ENFL). The items were developed through a literature review and analyzed using the Delphi method for content validation. The instrument was then applied to a sample of five health professionals (psychologists, doctors, nurses and social workers) using an online questionnaire. In addition, the following instruments were administered: Professional Grief Overload Scale (SLP), Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI - HSS) and the Death Attitude Profile - Revised Scale (DAP- R). A total of 221 health professionals were recruited, including 63.3% nurses, 23.5% psychologists, 10.8% doctors and 2.2% social workers. The majority of the sample was female (93.7%) and from the Palliative Care Service (19.46%), with ages ranging from 23 to 66. The exploratory analysis extracted 3 factors: Factor 1 - Intervention and Assessment of Post-Death Bereavement, Factor 2 - Intervention and Assessment of Pre-Death Bereavement, Factor 3 - Motivation for Bereavement Training, with the scale's internal consistency described by a cronbach's alpha of 0.951 (Excellent). The conclusion is that the Scale for the Evaluation of Training Needs in Bereavement (ENFL) is a reliable and valid instrument that has the psychometric qualities needed to accurately evaluate the training needs of health professionals in the area of bereavement.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Estudo de validação Luto Profissionais de Saúde Necessidades Formativas Validation study Bereavement Health professionals Training needs