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Publication
Processo gravídico, parto e prematuridade: Uma discussão teórica do ponto de vista do psicólogo
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho apresenta a gravidez segundo a conceptualização
de alguns autores, como um período de
crise maturacional, onde ocorre um processo de desenvolvimento
psicológico por fases, ao longo dos três trimestres,
com objectivos e tarefas psíquicas definidas.
Hipotetizamos que perturbações, como uma paragem
ou bloqueio, nesse processo de desenvolvimento gravídico,
poderão resultar na ocorrência do parto prematuro,
e que o prosseguir do processo até ao final, mas
de forma conturbada, pode contribuir para complicações
no desenrolar do parto de termo ou para distúrbios
no pós-parto. São apresentados alguns estudos sobre
a influência de factores psicológicos no parto prematuro,
nas complicações do parto de termo e nos distúrbios
emocionais do pós-parto. São revistos e discutidos
alguns estudos que descrevem o ambiente físico,
as manipulações a que são sujeitos os bebés nas Unidades
de Cuidados Intensivos, as consequências desse
ambiente e manipulações para os bebés prematuros e
de baixo peso, bem como as alterações que se podem
implementar nessas unidades. Finalmente, apresentamos
alguns estudos sobre os programas de estimulação
suplementar e de redução do stress, os seus efeitos a curto e a longo prazo, e discutimos ainda a influência
que a relação pais-bebé pode ter na eficácia dos programas
de estimulação e no desenvolvimento destes
bebés. Ao longo do artigo e no final são tecidas considerações
sobre o papel do psicólogo clínico na prevenção
e intervenção terapêutica durante e após a gravidez.
These article presents pregnancy, following the conceptualization of some authors, as a crisis maturation period, during which a psychological developmental process occurs by phases, within the three trimesters, with defined psychological goals and tasks. We propose that disruptions, in the developmental process can result in the ocurrence of premature birth, and that the continuation of the process but in a disturbed way, can contribute to term-delivery complications or to post-term emotional disturbances. We present some studies about the influence of psychological factors in premature birth, in term-delivery complications and in the emotional disturbances of post-delivery. We review and discuss some studies that describe the physical environment of the Intensive Care Units, the manipulations and the consequences for the premature anl low birthweight babies, as well as the modifications that can be implemented in those units. Finaly, we present some studies about aditional stimulation and stress-reduction programs, their short and longterm effects, and discuss the influences that the parentchild relationship can have in the eficacy of those programs, and in the development of those babies. We make some considerations about the role of the clinical psychologist in prevention and therapeutics during and after pregnancy.
These article presents pregnancy, following the conceptualization of some authors, as a crisis maturation period, during which a psychological developmental process occurs by phases, within the three trimesters, with defined psychological goals and tasks. We propose that disruptions, in the developmental process can result in the ocurrence of premature birth, and that the continuation of the process but in a disturbed way, can contribute to term-delivery complications or to post-term emotional disturbances. We present some studies about the influence of psychological factors in premature birth, in term-delivery complications and in the emotional disturbances of post-delivery. We review and discuss some studies that describe the physical environment of the Intensive Care Units, the manipulations and the consequences for the premature anl low birthweight babies, as well as the modifications that can be implemented in those units. Finaly, we present some studies about aditional stimulation and stress-reduction programs, their short and longterm effects, and discuss the influences that the parentchild relationship can have in the eficacy of those programs, and in the development of those babies. We make some considerations about the role of the clinical psychologist in prevention and therapeutics during and after pregnancy.
Description
Keywords
Processo gravídico Parto prematuro Factores psicológicos Parto Bebés prematuros e de baixo peso Programas de estimulação Interacção pais-bebé Pregnancy process Premature birth Psychological factors Term-delivery Premature and low birthweight babies Stimulation programs Parental-baby interaction
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 1 (18), 15-35.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada