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A homofobia perspetivada à luz da abordagem da identidade social : Níveis de autodefinição identitária e atitude em relação a pessoas homossexuais
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A abordagem da identidade social (cf. Turner & Reynolds, 2004) defende a existência de uma
motivação-base para aquisição de uma identidade social positiva, que está na génese das estratégias
de diferenciação intergrupal. Quando é contextualmente saliente o nível social da identidade, emergem
tais processos grupais, nomeadamente a manifestação de comportamentos discriminatórios face a
membros de exogrupos relevantes. É propósito deste estudo testar a relação entre os níveis de
autodefinição e a atitude dirigida às pessoas homossexuais.
Os 184 participantes responderam a várias medidas: valorização dos níveis pessoal e social de
autodefinição (EIPS; Monteiro, Ribeiro, & Serôdio, 2009), medidas de atitudes em relação a pessoas
homossexuais e de rejeição à proximidade com pessoas homossexuais (Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino,
2009).
Os resultados mostraram que quando à forte valorização do nível pessoal de autodefinição se conjugou
um contexto que focaliza na identidade pessoal, emergiram atitudes de diferenciação negativa face a
pessoas homossexuais. Verificou-se também que os jovens focalizados na dimensão social da sua
identidade reportaram atitudes mais favoráveis em relação a pessoas homossexuais, do que aqueles
focalizados na dimensão pessoal, verificando-se padrão inverso entre os adultos. Discutimos em que
medida este padrão indicia a emergência de uma norma de não-discriminação das pessoas
homossexuais.
ABSTRACT: Social identity approach (cf. Turner & Reynolds, 2004) proposes the existence of a basic motivation to acquire a positive social identity, which sets of intergroup differentiation strategies. When social selfdefinition level is contextually salient, such group processes emerge, namely manifested by the discrimination of relevant outgroup members. It is the purpose of the present study to test the relation between the levels of self-definition and the attitude directed at homosexual people. Participants (N=184) answered to several dependent measures: value ascribed to personal and social levels of self-definition (PSIS; Monteiro, Ribeiro, & Serôdio, 2009), measures of attitudes toward homosexuals and of rejection to proximity with homosexuals (Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino, 2009). Results showed that negative differentiation attitudes towards homosexuals emerged when strong appreciation of personal self-definition was concomitant with a context that focused participants on this same level of identity. Results also showed that younger participants who were focused on the social dimension of their identity reported more favorable attitudes towards homosexuals than those focused on the personal dimension, and also that a reverse pattern occurred amongst older participants. We discuss the extent to which such pattern indicates the emergence of a norm of non-discrimination towards homosexual people.
ABSTRACT: Social identity approach (cf. Turner & Reynolds, 2004) proposes the existence of a basic motivation to acquire a positive social identity, which sets of intergroup differentiation strategies. When social selfdefinition level is contextually salient, such group processes emerge, namely manifested by the discrimination of relevant outgroup members. It is the purpose of the present study to test the relation between the levels of self-definition and the attitude directed at homosexual people. Participants (N=184) answered to several dependent measures: value ascribed to personal and social levels of self-definition (PSIS; Monteiro, Ribeiro, & Serôdio, 2009), measures of attitudes toward homosexuals and of rejection to proximity with homosexuals (Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino, 2009). Results showed that negative differentiation attitudes towards homosexuals emerged when strong appreciation of personal self-definition was concomitant with a context that focused participants on this same level of identity. Results also showed that younger participants who were focused on the social dimension of their identity reported more favorable attitudes towards homosexuals than those focused on the personal dimension, and also that a reverse pattern occurred amongst older participants. We discuss the extent to which such pattern indicates the emergence of a norm of non-discrimination towards homosexual people.
Description
Keywords
Homofobia Níveis de autodefinição da identidade Atitudes e discriminação em relação a pessoas homossexuais Homophobia Self-definition levels of identity Attitudes and discrimination towards homosexual people
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 32, 215-230
Publisher
ISPA - Instituto Universitário