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Necessidades psicológicas, apoio social percebido e satisfação com a vida em ex-futebolistas profissionais: um estudo misto
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A investigação tem incidido nos aspectos que previnem uma transição em crise e pouca
atenção tem sido dada às dificuldades no pós-carreira e como os recursos (apoio social)
sofrem alterações. Os programas que respondam às necessidades, tem recaído sobre a
prevenção e poucos sobre os problemas do pós-carreira. Este estudo propôs-se a
investigar a relação entre o tempo decorrido após o fim da carreira e as necessidades
psicológicas, satisfação com a vida e apoio social percebido, dos ex-futebolistas
profissionais no contexto português. Procurou-se compreender qual as atitudes em
relação a programas que pudessem responder às suas necessidades. Segue um
delineamento correlacional misto (n=43). As variáveis apoio social percebido e satisfação
com a vida foram medidas através das escalas MPSS e SWLSp. Foram elaborados dois
instrumentos para avaliar as atitudes face a programas que respondessem às necessidades
e as necessidades no pós-carreira. Os resultados sugerem que eles têm um atitude
favorável para este tipo de programas. Encontrou-se diferenças significativas nas
necessidades reportadas, adaptação ao novo estilo de vida e identidade atlética, para o
início do fim de carreira e para o momento atual. Não existe evidência de uma relação
entre: a) Apoio social percebido e o tempo decorrido pós-carreira; b) satisfação com a
vida e o tempo decorrido pós-carreira; c) na satisfação com a vida para quem trabalha no
contexto desportivo vs não-trabalhar. Foi possível aumentar o conhecimento sobre as
necessidades no pós-carreira, no contexto português, onde a identidade atlética é a
principal necessidade sentida.
Research has focus on the aspects that prevent a crisis in the transition and it’s been paid little attention to the difficulties that occur after retirement and how the resources (social support) change. The programs that can answer their needs have focused on the prevention and few on their needs after the retirement. This study proposes to investigate the relation between the time that occurred after retirement and the psychological needs, life satisfaction and perceived social support of ex-professional footballers. As well was investigated the attitude towards programs that could answer their needs. It follows a mixed correlational design (n=43). The variables perceived social support and life’s satisfaction were measured with the MPSS and SWLSp scales, respectively. It was constructed 2 instruments to measure the attitude towards programs that could answer their needs and the needs felt after the career ended. The results suggest they have a very good attitude towards this kind of programs. Exist differences between the need reported on the beginning of the transition and the present moment for the adaptation to the new lifestyle and athletic identity. Doesn´t seem to exist correlation between a) Perceived social support and the time after the retirement; b) Life satisfaction and the time after the retirement; c) Life’s satisfaction of those who work in the sport context vs those who don’t. It was possible to enhance the knowledge of the needs felt after the career ended, in the Portuguese context, where the athletic identity was the main need felt.
Research has focus on the aspects that prevent a crisis in the transition and it’s been paid little attention to the difficulties that occur after retirement and how the resources (social support) change. The programs that can answer their needs have focused on the prevention and few on their needs after the retirement. This study proposes to investigate the relation between the time that occurred after retirement and the psychological needs, life satisfaction and perceived social support of ex-professional footballers. As well was investigated the attitude towards programs that could answer their needs. It follows a mixed correlational design (n=43). The variables perceived social support and life’s satisfaction were measured with the MPSS and SWLSp scales, respectively. It was constructed 2 instruments to measure the attitude towards programs that could answer their needs and the needs felt after the career ended. The results suggest they have a very good attitude towards this kind of programs. Exist differences between the need reported on the beginning of the transition and the present moment for the adaptation to the new lifestyle and athletic identity. Doesn´t seem to exist correlation between a) Perceived social support and the time after the retirement; b) Life satisfaction and the time after the retirement; c) Life’s satisfaction of those who work in the sport context vs those who don’t. It was possible to enhance the knowledge of the needs felt after the career ended, in the Portuguese context, where the athletic identity was the main need felt.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Clínica
Keywords
Transição de fim de carreira Necessidades psicológicas Atitudes para com programas Apoio social percebido Satisfação para com a vida Career termination Psychological needs Attitudes towards programs Perceived social support Life’s satisfaction