Loading...
Publication
Interações afiliativas pós-conflito entre espectadores em macacos do Japão
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os animais socias beneficiam da vivência em grupo. Contudo, a competição por recursos limitados leva por vezes a confrontos agonísticos. Estes conflitos podem potencialmente afetar o comportamento e as relações sociais, não só dos indivíduos envolvidos no confronto, mas também de espectadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as interações dos espectadores dos conflitos num grupo (n = 15 adultos) de macacos do Japão (Macaca fuscata), em cativeiro, de modo a perceber se após a observação do conflito os espectadores tendem a interagir entre eles, e qual a relevância da qualidade das suas relações diádicas (valor, compatibilidade e segurança) nestas interações. Procurou-se também verificar, se após um conflito os espectadores vêm os seus níveis de ansiedade aumentados, e se estes diminuem após interações afiliativas com outros espectadores. Para tal realizaram-se amostragens focais de 5 min, de um espectador, após o conflito, que foram comparadas com observações de controlo (n = 156). Os resultados mostram que os conflitos influenciaram o comportamento dos espectadores. Estes, após os conflitos aumentam os seus níveis de ansiedade e procuram interações afiliativas com outros espectadores. Após estas, os seus níveis de ansiedade retornam, mais rapidamente, para níveis basais. Para estas interações afiliativas os espectadores tendem a procurar indivíduos com os quais têm uma relação valiosa e insegura. Estes resultados sugerem que estas afiliações entre espectadores, podem ser uma forma de preservarem relações que potencialmente podem ser mais afetadas pelos efeitos disruptivos dos conflitos, mas das quais obtém benefícios.
ABSTRACT: Social animals benefit from group living. However, competition for limited resources may sometimes lead to agonistic conflicts. These conflicts can potentially affect the behaviors and the social relationships, not only of the individuals involved in the confrontation, but also of bystanders. The aim of this study was to characterize the interactions between bystanders in a captive group (n = 15 adults) of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), in order to understand if after observing a conflict bystanders tend to interact among themselves, and what is the relevance of the quality of their dyadic relationships (value, compatibility and security) in these interactions. Also, we tried to verify if after a conflict, bystanders have their levels of anxiety increased, and if affiliative interactions with others bystanders decreases anxiety. To test this, we recorded 5 min focal samples, of a bystander, after a conflict, that were compared with matched-control observations (n = 156). Results show that conflicts influence bystanders’ behavior. Bystanders after conflicts increase their levels of anxiety and seek affiliative interactions with others bystanders. After these, their anxiety levels return, more quickly, to baseline levels. For these affiliative interactions bystanders tend to seek individuals with whom they have a valuable and insecure relationship. These results suggest that these affiliations among bystanders, can be a way for them preserve relationships potentially more affected by the disruptive effects of conflict, but from which they obtain benefits.
ABSTRACT: Social animals benefit from group living. However, competition for limited resources may sometimes lead to agonistic conflicts. These conflicts can potentially affect the behaviors and the social relationships, not only of the individuals involved in the confrontation, but also of bystanders. The aim of this study was to characterize the interactions between bystanders in a captive group (n = 15 adults) of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), in order to understand if after observing a conflict bystanders tend to interact among themselves, and what is the relevance of the quality of their dyadic relationships (value, compatibility and security) in these interactions. Also, we tried to verify if after a conflict, bystanders have their levels of anxiety increased, and if affiliative interactions with others bystanders decreases anxiety. To test this, we recorded 5 min focal samples, of a bystander, after a conflict, that were compared with matched-control observations (n = 156). Results show that conflicts influence bystanders’ behavior. Bystanders after conflicts increase their levels of anxiety and seek affiliative interactions with others bystanders. After these, their anxiety levels return, more quickly, to baseline levels. For these affiliative interactions bystanders tend to seek individuals with whom they have a valuable and insecure relationship. These results suggest that these affiliations among bystanders, can be a way for them preserve relationships potentially more affected by the disruptive effects of conflict, but from which they obtain benefits.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Afiliação pós-conflito Espectadores Ansiedade Macaca fuscata Post-conflict affiliation Bystanders Anxiety