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Publication
Capacidade de desprendimento da atenção em imagens relacionadas com o consumo de álcool: Avaliaçãode um novo paradigma experimental
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O consumo de álcool constitui-se como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública a nível mundial, encontrando-se associado a inúmeras consequências negativas incluindo um maior risco de morte prematura e de doenças crónicas. O presente estudo procurou investigar os processos e mecanismos atencionais que influenciam o consumo de álcool, avaliando a capacidade de desviar a atenção de estímulos associados ao consumo de álcool em consumidores excessivos e consumidores ligeiros ou moderados. A amostra foi composta por 39 adultos, 15 consumidores excessivos e 24 consumidores ligeiros ou moderados. Os participantes completaram um paradigma desenvolvido no âmbito do presente estudo para avaliar a dificuldade de desviar a atenção de imagens de bebidas alcoólicas, bebidas não alcoólicas e de imagens neutras. Para além disso, os participantes preencheram um questionário composto por questões sobre os hábitos e padrões de consumo de álcool e consequências associadas a esse consumo, bem como um conjunto de medidas de características individuais e da personalidade. Os resultados obtidos indicaram não existirem diferenças significativas na dificuldade de desviar a atenção de bebidas alcoólicas entre os consumidores excessivos e consumidores ligeiros ou moderados. Contudo, os resultados obtidos sugerem que indivíduos impulsivos e com maior défice no processamento de recompensas apresentam uma menor dificuldade de desviar a atenção de bebidas alcoólicas. Sugerindo, assim, a necessidade de ter em consideração certas características individuais, as quais são passíveis de influenciar a capacidade de desprender a atenção de estímulos salientes no âmbito motivacional no contexto do comportamento de consumo de álcool e outras substâncias.
Alcohol consumption is one of the main public health problems worldwide, being associated with numerous negative consequences including a higher risk of premature death and chronic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the attentional processes and mechanisms that influence alcohol consumption, by assessing the ability to disengage attention from alcohol-related stimuli among heavy and light/moderate drinkers. The sample consisted of 39 adults, including 15 heavy drinkers and 24 light or moderate drinkers. Participants completed a novel experimental paradigm developed for this study to measure the difficulty in disengaging attention from images depicting alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, and neutral images. Additionally, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their drinking habits and patterns, as well as the associated consequences, alongside a set of measures addressing individual and personality traits. The results indicated no significant differences in difficulty in disengaging attention from alcoholic beverages between heavy and light/moderate drinkers. However, the findings suggest that individuals who are more impulsive and display a greater deficit in reward processing exhibit less difficulty in disengaging attention from alcohol-related stimuli. These results highlight the need to consider certain individual traits that may influence the ability to disengage attention from motivationally salient stimuli within the context of alcohol and other substance use behaviors.
Alcohol consumption is one of the main public health problems worldwide, being associated with numerous negative consequences including a higher risk of premature death and chronic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the attentional processes and mechanisms that influence alcohol consumption, by assessing the ability to disengage attention from alcohol-related stimuli among heavy and light/moderate drinkers. The sample consisted of 39 adults, including 15 heavy drinkers and 24 light or moderate drinkers. Participants completed a novel experimental paradigm developed for this study to measure the difficulty in disengaging attention from images depicting alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, and neutral images. Additionally, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their drinking habits and patterns, as well as the associated consequences, alongside a set of measures addressing individual and personality traits. The results indicated no significant differences in difficulty in disengaging attention from alcoholic beverages between heavy and light/moderate drinkers. However, the findings suggest that individuals who are more impulsive and display a greater deficit in reward processing exhibit less difficulty in disengaging attention from alcohol-related stimuli. These results highlight the need to consider certain individual traits that may influence the ability to disengage attention from motivationally salient stimuli within the context of alcohol and other substance use behaviors.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
consumo de álcool desprendimento da atenç ã o impulsividade défice de recompensa craving