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Funcionamento defensivo e profundidade experiencial em psicanálise
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O conceito de mecanismo de defesa, introduzido por S. Freud no contexto da prática e teorização psicanalíticas, volta actualmente a ser investigado por clínicos e pesquisadores, tanto no referente psicanalítico como noutras abordagens teóricas. Este interesse determina a pesquisa de natureza empírica com a consequente necessidade de identificação fiável e mensuração do fenómeno. O funcionamento do sistema defensivo pode ser avaliado através de várias escalas de avaliação, entre as quais, por razão da sua ampla utilização em estudos empíricos sobre processos psicoterapêuticos e comprovada robustez psicométrica, o “Defense Mechanism Rating Scales” (DMRS) de J. Christopher Perry (1990) foram selecionadas. O presente artigo propõe-se rever a literatura científica actual que tenha utilizado o DMRS nos estudos sobre mecanismos de defesa em psicoterapias de inspiração psicanalítica. Método: Realizaram-se pesquisas sistemáticas nas bases electrónicas PsycInfo, PsycARTICLES, PEP, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Complete, ISI, Wiley Online Library e Ovid pelos termos “Defense Mechanism Rating Scale” e “Psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic or psychodynamic”. A pesquisa foi limitada à produção entre 2006 e 2019, usando o boleano “AND” entre os descritores, ambos no campo AB Resumo. Posteriormente e com base na bibliografia escolhida, alguma literatura considerada pertinente foi consultada. Resultados: Foram selecionados 19 estudos empíricos que utilizaram o DMRS na avaliação de MDs em investigações com diferentes métodos e objetivos. Conclusão: Este é um ramo da pesquisa psicológica rico e diversificado, empiricamente apoiado e seguindo a tendência actual à investigação de processos terapêuticos eficazes e eficientes.
Purpose: The concept of defense mechanism, introduced by S. Freud in the context of psychoanalytic practice and theorizing, is now being further investigated by clinicians and researchers, both in the psychoanalytic framework and other theoretical approaches. This interest determines empirical research with the consequent need for reliable identification and measurement of the phenomenon. The functioning of the defensive system can be assessed through various rating scales, amongst which, due to its wide use in empirical studies of psychotherapeutic processes and proven psychometric robustness, J. Christopher Perry's Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS) were selected. This article proposes to review the current scientific literature having used DMRS in studies on defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic-inspired psychotherapies. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the electronic databases PsycInfo, PsycARTICLES, PEP, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Complete, ISI, Wiley Online Library and Ovid under the terms “Defense Mechanism Rating Scale” and “Psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic or psychodynamic”. The research was aimed at scientific bibliography between 2006 and 2019, using Boolean “AND” between descriptors, both in the AB Summary field. Subsequently, based on the selected bibliography, some relevant literature was consulted. Results: We selected 19 empirical studies that used DMRS in the evaluation of defense mechanisms in investigations of different methods and objectives. Conclusion: This is a rich and diversified branch of psychological research, empirically supported and following the current trend towards research on effective and efficient therapeutic processes.
Purpose: The concept of defense mechanism, introduced by S. Freud in the context of psychoanalytic practice and theorizing, is now being further investigated by clinicians and researchers, both in the psychoanalytic framework and other theoretical approaches. This interest determines empirical research with the consequent need for reliable identification and measurement of the phenomenon. The functioning of the defensive system can be assessed through various rating scales, amongst which, due to its wide use in empirical studies of psychotherapeutic processes and proven psychometric robustness, J. Christopher Perry's Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS) were selected. This article proposes to review the current scientific literature having used DMRS in studies on defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic-inspired psychotherapies. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the electronic databases PsycInfo, PsycARTICLES, PEP, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Complete, ISI, Wiley Online Library and Ovid under the terms “Defense Mechanism Rating Scale” and “Psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic or psychodynamic”. The research was aimed at scientific bibliography between 2006 and 2019, using Boolean “AND” between descriptors, both in the AB Summary field. Subsequently, based on the selected bibliography, some relevant literature was consulted. Results: We selected 19 empirical studies that used DMRS in the evaluation of defense mechanisms in investigations of different methods and objectives. Conclusion: This is a rich and diversified branch of psychological research, empirically supported and following the current trend towards research on effective and efficient therapeutic processes.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica conforme o despacho da DGES, no 19673/2006, publicado em Diário da Republica, 2a série, de 26 de Setembro, 2006.
Keywords
Defense mechanism rating scales Mecnaismos de defesa Avaliação Psicanálise Defense mechanisms, , Assessment Psychoanalysis