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Effect of delay on the retrieval and accuracy of eyewitness memory
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a eficácia da técnica de
Recuperação por Categorias (RC) em comparação com o Relato Livre (RL) na melhoria da
quantidade e precisão das informações fornecidas por testemunhas oculares, em dois intervalos
de retenção (48 horas e um mês). Uma amostra de 158 estudantes universitários, com idades
compreendidas entre 18 e 46 anos, foi aleatoriamente distribuída por quatro condições
experimentais: Relato Livre após 48 horas, Recuperação por Categorias após 48 horas, RL após
um mês e RC após um mês. Os resultados indicaram que a técnica de RC gerou uma quantidade
significativamente maior de informações, especialmente no que diz respeito aos detalhes sobre
as pessoas envolvidas no evento testemunhado, enquanto o RL produziu maior precisão,
particularmente na recordação de objetos e localizações. Adicionalmente, a precisão da
informação diminuiu ao longo do tempo em ambas as técnicas, com uma maior precisão
observada após 48 horas em comparação com o intervalo de um mês. Curiosamente, as
informações relacionadas com as pessoas mantiveram-se estáveis ao longo do tempo, sem uma
redução significativa na precisão. Estes resultados reforçam a importância de adaptar as
técnicas de entrevista ao tipo de informação procurada e ao intervalo de retenção. A RC
demonstrou ser especialmente eficaz na recuperação de detalhes sobre pessoas, enquanto RL
mostrou-se mais eficaz para a recordação de detalhes contextuais e ambientais. No geral, os
resultados sublinham a necessidade de realizar entrevistas investigativas de forma célere, de
modo a maximizar a precisão e a quantidade de informação em contextos forenses.
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Category Clustering Recall (CCR) technique in comparison to Free Recall (FR) for enhancing the quantity and accuracy of eyewitness information across two retention intervals (48 hours and one month). A sample of 158 university students, aged 18 to 46 years, was randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Free Recall after 48 hours, CCR after 48 hours, Free Recall after one month, and CCR after one month. Results indicated that CCR elicited a significantly greater amount of information overall, and in the recall of details regarding the people involved in the witnessed event, while FR produced higher accuracy, particularly in recalling objects and locations. Additionally, memory accuracy declined over time for both techniques, with higher accuracy observed after 48 hours compared to one month. Interestingly, people-related information remained stable over time, with no significant decrease in accuracy. These findings underscore the necessity of tailoring interview techniques to the type of information sought and the retention interval. CCR appears particularly useful for retrieving detailed person-related information, whereas FR may be more effective for recalling environmental details. Overall, the results highlight the importance of conducting investigative interviews promptly to maximize accuracy and recall in forensic contexts
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Category Clustering Recall (CCR) technique in comparison to Free Recall (FR) for enhancing the quantity and accuracy of eyewitness information across two retention intervals (48 hours and one month). A sample of 158 university students, aged 18 to 46 years, was randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Free Recall after 48 hours, CCR after 48 hours, Free Recall after one month, and CCR after one month. Results indicated that CCR elicited a significantly greater amount of information overall, and in the recall of details regarding the people involved in the witnessed event, while FR produced higher accuracy, particularly in recalling objects and locations. Additionally, memory accuracy declined over time for both techniques, with higher accuracy observed after 48 hours compared to one month. Interestingly, people-related information remained stable over time, with no significant decrease in accuracy. These findings underscore the necessity of tailoring interview techniques to the type of information sought and the retention interval. CCR appears particularly useful for retrieving detailed person-related information, whereas FR may be more effective for recalling environmental details. Overall, the results highlight the importance of conducting investigative interviews promptly to maximize accuracy and recall in forensic contexts
Description
Master’s Dissertation submitted to Ispa – Instituto
Universitário in fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of master’s in forensic
psychology.
Keywords
Eyewitness memory Delay Category clustering recall Free recall Testemunhas oculares Intervalo de retenção Memória Recuperação por categorias Relato livre