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Resiliência, stress e crescimento pós-traumático: um estudo comparativo entre ex-combatentes e população geral
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Abstract(s)
Na literatura tem sido avaliado o Stress e a Resiliência nos militares, todavia verifica-se um
aumento de estudos focados não só nos aspetos negativos como também nos positivos após um
acontecimento traumático. Neste sentido, o objectivo deste estudo é avaliar o Stress Pós-
Traumático (SPT), o Crescimento Pós-Traumático (CPT) e a Resiliência em ex-combatentes, bem
como estudar as diferenças nestas variáveis, entre esta amostra e a população geral. Para tal,
realizou-se um estudo correlacional e comparativo, no qual participaram 146 pessoas, 90 da
população geral e 56 ex-combatentes, com uma média de idades de 51,55 (DP = 10,73) e 40,78
anos (DP = 11,44), respectivamente. Todos os participantes responderam aos seguintes
questionários de auto-preenchimento: sociodemográfico; relacionado com as missões e com os
acontecimentos traumáticos; escala de Resiliência; Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático; e
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5. Os resultados evidenciam que a amostra apresenta
índices baixos de SPT e CPT mas níveis elevados de Resiliência. A população geral apresenta
níveis superiores de SPT (p < 0,001) e CPT (p < 0,001), em comparação com o grupo dos
militares. Ademais, verificou-se uma associação positiva entre o CPT e a Resiliência (p < 0,001) e
o SPT (p = 0,001). Os indivíduos que percepcionam maior suporte social são aqueles que
também apresentam maiores níveis de Resiliência e de CPT. Uma grande mais valia deste
trabalho foi ter compreendido que os militares apresentam níveis mais baixos de Stress e de CPT
o que poderá traduzir-se em formas mais eficazes de lidar com as adversidades, em comparação
com a população geral.
Stress and Resilience in the military have been evaluated in the literature, but there is an increase of studies focused not only on the negative aspects but also on the positive ones after a traumatic event. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) and Resilience in former combatants, as well as to study the differences in these variables between this sample and the general population. To this end, a correlational and comparative study was carried out, involving 146 participants, 90 of the general population and 56 former combatants, with a mean age of 51,55 (SD = 10,73) and 40,78 years (SD = 11,44), respectively. All participants answered the following self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic; related to military missions and to traumatic events; Resilience scale; Post Traumatic Growth Inventory; and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5. The results show that the sample has low rates of PTSD and PTG but high levels of Resilience. The general population has higher levels of PTSD (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001) compared to the military group. In addition, there was a positive association between PTG and Resilience (p<0.001) and PTSD (p = 0.001). Individuals who perceive greater social support are those who also have higher levels of Resilience and PTG. A major added value of this work is the fact that the military has lower levels of stress and PTG, which may result into more effective ways to deal with adversity, compared to the general population.
Stress and Resilience in the military have been evaluated in the literature, but there is an increase of studies focused not only on the negative aspects but also on the positive ones after a traumatic event. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) and Resilience in former combatants, as well as to study the differences in these variables between this sample and the general population. To this end, a correlational and comparative study was carried out, involving 146 participants, 90 of the general population and 56 former combatants, with a mean age of 51,55 (SD = 10,73) and 40,78 years (SD = 11,44), respectively. All participants answered the following self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic; related to military missions and to traumatic events; Resilience scale; Post Traumatic Growth Inventory; and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5. The results show that the sample has low rates of PTSD and PTG but high levels of Resilience. The general population has higher levels of PTSD (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001) compared to the military group. In addition, there was a positive association between PTG and Resilience (p<0.001) and PTSD (p = 0.001). Individuals who perceive greater social support are those who also have higher levels of Resilience and PTG. A major added value of this work is the fact that the military has lower levels of stress and PTG, which may result into more effective ways to deal with adversity, compared to the general population.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Stress pós traumático Crescimento pós traumático Resiliência Ex-combatentes População geral Post traumatic stress Post traumatic growth Resilience Ex-combatants General population