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Ajustamento psicológico das vítimas de tráfico à luz do modelo teórico de atribuição de sentido: Revisão integrativa da literatura
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O tráfico de seres humanos constitui uma das formas mais graves de violação dos direitos humanos, permanecendo uma realidade complexa e persistente. Para além das consequências físicas e sociais, o impacto psicológico e existencial sobre as vítimas é profundo, exigindo processos longos de reconstrução pessoal e de integração da experiência traumática. Sustentada no modelo de atribuição de sentido (Meaning-Making Model) de Park (2010), esta revisão da literatura tem como objetivo compreender o ajustamento psicológico de sobreviventes de tráfico humano enquanto processo identitário, relacional e espiritual, em que o restabelecimento de coerência narrativa e a atribuição de um novo sentido à experiência são elementos centrais. Foram revistos 87 artigos através de pesquisas realizadas entre abril e junho de 2025, nas bases de dados PsycInfo, PubMed e Web of Science. Após a eliminação de duplicados e leitura integral, 10 artigos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados para análise detalhada. Os resultados evidenciam que o ajustamento psicológico ao tráfico humano enquanto acontecimento traumático extremo e profundamente desestruturador não se traduz num percurso linear de cura, mas num processo dinâmico onde coexistem dor e crescimento. O restabelecimento de sentido revelou-se fundamental para a reorganização identitária e para a reintegração social das pessoas sobreviventes de tráfico, sendo facilitado pela presença de vínculos seguros, apoio social e espiritualidade. Esta investigação contribui para a literatura do ajustamento psicológico ao trauma aplicada a sobreviventes de tráfico e informada por uma compreensão mais integrada e humana da recuperação psicológica.
Human trafficking is one of the most serious forms of human rights violation and remains a complex and persistent reality. In addition to the physical and social consequences, the psychological and existential impact on victims is profound, requiring long processes of personal reconstruction and integration of the traumatic experience. Based on Park's (2010) Meaning-Making Model, this literature review aims to understand the psychological adjustment of human trafficking survivors as an identity, relational, and spiritual process, in which the restoration of narrative coherence and the attribution of new meaning to the experience are central elements. Eighty-seven articles were reviewed through searches conducted between April and June 2025 through PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. After eliminating duplicates and reading the articles in full, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed analysis. The results show that psychological adjustment to human trafficking as an extremely traumatic and deeply disruptive event that do not translate into a linear path to healing, but rather a dynamic process in which pain and growth coexist. The restoration of meaning proved to be fundamental to the reorganization of identity and social reintegration of trafficking survivors, facilitated by the presence of secure bonds, social support, and spirituality. This research contributes to the literature on psychological adjustment to trauma applied to survivors of trafficking and informed by a more integrated and humane understanding of psychological recovery.
Human trafficking is one of the most serious forms of human rights violation and remains a complex and persistent reality. In addition to the physical and social consequences, the psychological and existential impact on victims is profound, requiring long processes of personal reconstruction and integration of the traumatic experience. Based on Park's (2010) Meaning-Making Model, this literature review aims to understand the psychological adjustment of human trafficking survivors as an identity, relational, and spiritual process, in which the restoration of narrative coherence and the attribution of new meaning to the experience are central elements. Eighty-seven articles were reviewed through searches conducted between April and June 2025 through PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. After eliminating duplicates and reading the articles in full, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed analysis. The results show that psychological adjustment to human trafficking as an extremely traumatic and deeply disruptive event that do not translate into a linear path to healing, but rather a dynamic process in which pain and growth coexist. The restoration of meaning proved to be fundamental to the reorganization of identity and social reintegration of trafficking survivors, facilitated by the presence of secure bonds, social support, and spirituality. This research contributes to the literature on psychological adjustment to trauma applied to survivors of trafficking and informed by a more integrated and humane understanding of psychological recovery.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Tráfico Humano Trauma Ajustamento psicológico Modelo de Procura e Atribuição de Sentido Crescimento pós-traumático Human trafficking Trauma Psychological adjustment Meaning-Making Model Post-traumatic growth