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Segurança da vinculação e autoconceito na infância
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Abstract(s)
A Teoria da Vinculação sugere que as relações de proximidade emocional durante a infância, com os cuidadores principais, constituem a base do desenvolvimento afectivo, social e cognitivo dos indivíduos (Maia, Ferreira, Veríssimo, Santos, & Shin, 2008). Segundo Bowlby (1984a), as representações internas (MID) destas relações e a noção de self vão sendo interiorizadas ao longo da infância de forma complementar e mutuamente confirmatória. No geral, as investigações existentes a respeito desta hipótese mostram maiores auto-representações positivas em crianças com vinculação segura (Cassidy & Shaver, 2008). No seguimento destes resultados, o objectivo da presente investigação é analisar a relação entre a segurança da vinculação e o auto-conceito aos 4 anos de idade e a segurança da vinculação aos 4 anos e o auto-conceito aos 9 anos. Utilizando a Tarefa de Completamento de Histórias de Vinculação (ASCT) e a Escala Pictórica de Percepção de Competência e Aceitação Social para Crianças Pequenas (PSPCSA) aos 4 anos (N = 154), e depois, a Escala de Auto-conceito para Crianças e Pré-adolescentes (SPPC), aos 9 anos (N = 50). Os resultados mostram uma relação significativa entre a segurança da vinculação e o auto-conceito, em que a vinculação segura é acompanhada por um auto-conceito positivo. Especificamente, a segurança da vinculação aos 4 anos é acompanhada por uma aceitação social positiva, que diz respeito à aceitação materna positiva aos 4 anos e à aceitação social positiva aos 9 anos.
The Attachment Theory suggests that the relationships of emotional closeness during childhood, with the main caregivers, are the basis of affective, social and cognitive development of the individuals (Maia, Ferreira, Veríssimo, Santos, & Shin, 2008). According to Bowlby (1984a), the internal representations (MID) of these relations and the notion of self are being internalized throughout childhood in a complementary and mutually confirmatory way. Overall, existing research on this hypothesis shows greater positive self-representations in children with safe attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 2008). Following the results, the objective of the present investigation is to analyse the relationship between security of attachment and self-concept at the age of 4 and the security of attachment at age 4 and self-concept at 9 years. Using the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSA) at 4 years (N = 154), and then the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) at 9 years (N = 50). The results show a significant relationship between security of attachment and self-concept, where secure attachment is accompanied by a positive self-concept. Specifically, the security of attachment at age 4 is accompanied by positive social acceptance, which relates to positive maternal acceptance at 4 years and positive social acceptance at 9 years.
The Attachment Theory suggests that the relationships of emotional closeness during childhood, with the main caregivers, are the basis of affective, social and cognitive development of the individuals (Maia, Ferreira, Veríssimo, Santos, & Shin, 2008). According to Bowlby (1984a), the internal representations (MID) of these relations and the notion of self are being internalized throughout childhood in a complementary and mutually confirmatory way. Overall, existing research on this hypothesis shows greater positive self-representations in children with safe attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 2008). Following the results, the objective of the present investigation is to analyse the relationship between security of attachment and self-concept at the age of 4 and the security of attachment at age 4 and self-concept at 9 years. Using the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSA) at 4 years (N = 154), and then the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) at 9 years (N = 50). The results show a significant relationship between security of attachment and self-concept, where secure attachment is accompanied by a positive self-concept. Specifically, the security of attachment at age 4 is accompanied by positive social acceptance, which relates to positive maternal acceptance at 4 years and positive social acceptance at 9 years.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Attachment Self-concept Childhood Vinculação Auto-conceito Infância