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Publication
“Ninguém se magoou realmente” – A legitimação da “área cinzenta” da Violência Sexual e o Reflexo dos Papéis de Género
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo propôs-se a expandir a literatura criminológica/forense qualitativa com
recurso à metodologia de vinhetas que, até à data, tem canalizado os seus esforços na
violência sexual, mais concretamente, no crime de violação com recurso a penetração
forçada. Para tal, procurou-se explorar uma amplitude de atos conhecidos pela literatura
como “área cinzenta”, possivelmente considerada mais subtil e, portanto, tendencialmente
banalizada, legitimada e normalizada na sociedade. Este estudo pretendeu responder às
questões: “Qual a perceção de estudantes universitários no que concerne à “área cinzenta” da
violência sexual? Em que medida existe, ou não, legitimação? E quais as eventuais diferenças
de género associadas?”. A amostra foi constituída por 164 estudantes universitários,
residentes em Portugal, 71.3% (n = 117) do sexo feminino e 28.7% (n = 47) do sexo
masculino, com uma idade média de 23 anos (DP = 5.84). Os cursos representados neste
estudo são a Psicologia, a Criminologia, a Sociologia, o Serviço Social, o Direito, a
Medicina, a Enfermagem, entre outros.
A análise de dados foi feita com recurso ao método de análise temática de Braun & Clarke e
dela surgiram três principais temas a analisar: “Caracterização dos sujeitos”, “Consentimento”
e “Gravidade”. O presente estudo permitiu evidenciar diferenças na representação e tratamento
das vítimas em função do género, permitindo clarificar que comportamentos se enquadram na
“área cinzenta” da violência sexual. Adicionalmente, este estudo também permitiu evidenciar
discurso coincidente com menorização do impacto dos atos, dado que suportam a ideia de que
existe ambiguidade nas perceções sobre os comportamentos em estudo, com instâncias de
menorização da conduta agressiva e em particular com discurso de racionalização das ações
do/a agressor/a, levando a, de forma complementar, que tenham surgido críticas à vítima.
Existe, neste sentido, um discurso que se enquadra na “Victim Blaming”, fenómeno que se
mantém atual, embora subtil.
ABSTRACT: Studies related to sexual violence, using the vignette methodology, and of a qualitative nature, focus essentially on cases in which sexual violence refers to rape by means of forced penetration. However, there is little research exploring cases of sexual violence known in the literature as the "grey area", possibly considered more subtle and therefore tending to be trivialized, legitimized and normalized in society. These cases seem to be reported little or not at all due to social difficulties reproduced by the population itself, through sexual scripts, beliefs, myths and associated stereotypes. This study aimed to answer the questions: "What is the perception and legitimization of university students regarding the "grey area" of sexual violence? And what are the possible associated gender differences?". The sample consisted of 164 university students living in Portugal, 71.3% (n = 117) female and 28.7% (n = 47) male, with an average age of 23 (SD = 5.84). The courses represented in this study were 55.4% from social areas such as Psychology, Criminology, Sociology, Social Work and Law, 3.6% from health areas such as Medicine and Nursing and 40.9% from other different courses. The data was analyzed using Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis method and three main themes were identified: "Characterization of the subjects", "Consent" and "Severity". This study highlighted differences in the representation and treatment of victims according to gender, allowing us to clarify which behaviors fall into the "grey area" of sexual violence. In addition, this study has also shown that the discourse coincides with a lessening of the impact of the acts, as this supports the idea that there is ambiguity in the perceptions of the behaviours under study, with instances of a lessening of the aggressive conduct and, in particular, with a discourse of rationalization of the aggressor's actions, leading, in a complementary way, to criticism of the victim. In this sense, there is a discourse that is part of "Victim Blaming", a phenomenon that is still current, although subtle.
ABSTRACT: Studies related to sexual violence, using the vignette methodology, and of a qualitative nature, focus essentially on cases in which sexual violence refers to rape by means of forced penetration. However, there is little research exploring cases of sexual violence known in the literature as the "grey area", possibly considered more subtle and therefore tending to be trivialized, legitimized and normalized in society. These cases seem to be reported little or not at all due to social difficulties reproduced by the population itself, through sexual scripts, beliefs, myths and associated stereotypes. This study aimed to answer the questions: "What is the perception and legitimization of university students regarding the "grey area" of sexual violence? And what are the possible associated gender differences?". The sample consisted of 164 university students living in Portugal, 71.3% (n = 117) female and 28.7% (n = 47) male, with an average age of 23 (SD = 5.84). The courses represented in this study were 55.4% from social areas such as Psychology, Criminology, Sociology, Social Work and Law, 3.6% from health areas such as Medicine and Nursing and 40.9% from other different courses. The data was analyzed using Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis method and three main themes were identified: "Characterization of the subjects", "Consent" and "Severity". This study highlighted differences in the representation and treatment of victims according to gender, allowing us to clarify which behaviors fall into the "grey area" of sexual violence. In addition, this study has also shown that the discourse coincides with a lessening of the impact of the acts, as this supports the idea that there is ambiguity in the perceptions of the behaviours under study, with instances of a lessening of the aggressive conduct and, in particular, with a discourse of rationalization of the aggressor's actions, leading, in a complementary way, to criticism of the victim. In this sense, there is a discourse that is part of "Victim Blaming", a phenomenon that is still current, although subtle.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação da
Professora Doutora Andreia de Castro Rodrigues, apresentada
no Ispa –Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Forense.
Keywords
Violência sexual Área cinzenta de violência sexual Scripts sexuais Papéis de género Aceitação de mitos de violação Sexual violence Grey area of sexual violence Sexual scripts Gender roles Rape myth acceptance