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Sucesso na perda de peso : Um estudo qualitativo
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O excesso de peso/obesidade tem uma elevada prevalência e um impacto significativo nos
custos de saúde. A literatura documenta a possibilidade de perda de peso bem-sucedida
(PPBS). Contudo, os estudos são escassos (principalmente os qualitativos) e pouco se sabe
sobre as estratégias usadas pelos indivíduos que obtiveram sucesso na perda de peso. Este
estudo, tendo por base a teoria sociocognitiva, pretende explorar as estratégias usadas pelos
indivíduos que conseguiram fazer uma PPBS (perder pelo menos 7% do peso e manter a perda
no mínimo por 12 meses). Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 30 indivíduos e
consequentemente analisadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo e análise temática; foi
posteriormente feita uma análise de frequências e uma Análise de Correspondência Múltipla
(ACM). No processo de perda inicial as categorias mais mencionadas foram acompanhamento
nutricional (70%); acompanhamento médico (63%), motivação Intrínseca para mudar 67%,
motivação após resultado 63% e autocontrolo 67%. Na Manutenção as categorias mais
referidas foram: autocontrolo 50%, internalização de estratégias 47%, exercício físico regular
43% e rejeição da hipótese de reexperimentar ter um peso excessivo 43%. O modelo da ACM
mostrou quatro fatores no início da PPBS (Cumprimento, Execução, Autonomia e
Autoimagem) e quatro fatores na manutenção (Habituação, Motivação, Estabilização e
Esforço). Em todos os fatores coexistem estratégias que despendem energia para controlar o
comportamento e outras que repõem a energia. Este estudo permitiu analisar as estratégias
usadas por um grupo de Portugueses com sucesso na perda de peso, dando uma perspetiva
sobre as combinações de estratégias bem-sucedidas.
ABSTRACT: Excessive weight/obesity has a high prevalence and significant impact in terms of health costs. The scientific literature shows that there is a possibility of successful weight loss (SWL). However, studies are scarce (namely, qualitative studies), and little is known about the strategies applied by the individuals who had a SWL. This study, having the Social Cognitive Theory as theoretical background, aims at exploring the strategies applied by individuals who managed to lose weight (to lose at least 7% of the weight and maintain the loss for at least 12 months). With this objective, semi structured interviews whore made to 30 individuals and, analysed by the content analysis method, the thematic analysis method, frequency analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). On the initial phase of the SWL the more frequent categories where: nutritional follow up 70%, medical follow up, 63%, intrinsic motivation for changing 67%, motivation after obtaining results 63%, and self-control 67%. On the maintenance the most mentioned categories where: self-control 50%, strategy internalization 47%, regular physical exercise 43% and rejection of the possibility of having excessive weight again 43%. The MCA showed four factors in the initial stage (Adherence, Execution, Autonomy and Self-Image) and four factors in the maintenance phase (Habituation, Motivation, Stabilization and Effort). In all factors coexist strategies that deplete energy by exerting control and others that replenish it. This study allowed analysing the strategies applied by a group of Portuguese people, with success in losing weight, giving a perspective over the successful combinations of strategies.
ABSTRACT: Excessive weight/obesity has a high prevalence and significant impact in terms of health costs. The scientific literature shows that there is a possibility of successful weight loss (SWL). However, studies are scarce (namely, qualitative studies), and little is known about the strategies applied by the individuals who had a SWL. This study, having the Social Cognitive Theory as theoretical background, aims at exploring the strategies applied by individuals who managed to lose weight (to lose at least 7% of the weight and maintain the loss for at least 12 months). With this objective, semi structured interviews whore made to 30 individuals and, analysed by the content analysis method, the thematic analysis method, frequency analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). On the initial phase of the SWL the more frequent categories where: nutritional follow up 70%, medical follow up, 63%, intrinsic motivation for changing 67%, motivation after obtaining results 63%, and self-control 67%. On the maintenance the most mentioned categories where: self-control 50%, strategy internalization 47%, regular physical exercise 43% and rejection of the possibility of having excessive weight again 43%. The MCA showed four factors in the initial stage (Adherence, Execution, Autonomy and Self-Image) and four factors in the maintenance phase (Habituation, Motivation, Stabilization and Effort). In all factors coexist strategies that deplete energy by exerting control and others that replenish it. This study allowed analysing the strategies applied by a group of Portuguese people, with success in losing weight, giving a perspective over the successful combinations of strategies.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Perda de peso Estratégias Qualitativo Manutenção Sucesso Weight loss Strategies Qualitative Maintenance Successful