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Mutismo seletivo: Projeto tagarela
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Abstract(s)
O mutismo seletivo é uma perturbação que consiste na persistente falha em comunicar em contextos sociais específicos onde é esperado que haja comunicação (e.g. na escola, com os colegas ou com o professor) mas falam normalmente noutros contextos familiares (e.g. casa). Como consequência, há um evitamento da criança em aparecer em eventos sociais com medo ser vista ou ouvida por pessoas desconhecidas. Este comportamento ocorre frequentemente no início da pré-escolaridade (a partir dos 4-5 anos) e a longo prazo traz menor rendimento escolar, originando-lhe ansiedade dificuldades de ajustamento. Estudos apontam que a Teoria Cognitiva-Comportamental é a melhor abordagem terapêutica para intervir junto do MS em articulação com a terapia individual e com uma intervenção na escola. Caso nenhuma abordagem seja feita, esta perturbação pode evoluir para outras (e.g. fobia social) trazendo mais sofrimento à criança. O presente estudo apresenta uma intervenção pioneira em Portugal, feita com uma abordagem sistematizada entre a escola, pais e o terapeuta de uma menina com 6 anos diagnosticada com MS e a sua aplicação. Para a recolha de informação recorreu-se a um plano da intervenção base, entrevista semi-estruturada e ao preenchimento de fichas. Os resultados indicam que com uma abordagem sistematizada e em articulação com os principais contextos sociais em que a criança está envolvida, o MS pode ser ultrapassado.
Selective mutism is a disturbance which consists in a persistent failure in communicating in specific social contexts in which is expected to exist communication (e.g. in school, with colleagues or teacher) usually failing in family contexts (e.g. home). As a consequence there is an avoidance of the child in showing in social events afraid of being seen or heard by unknown people. This behaviour often occurs in the beginning of pre-school (e.g. from 4-5 years) reducing school performance in long term causing anxiety and adjusting difficulties. Studies suggest that cognitive behavioral theory is the best therapeutic approach to act with SM in articulation with individual therapy and with an intervention in school. If no approach is taken, this disturbance can develop into other disturbances (e.g. social phobia) causing more suffering to the child. The present study presents a pioneering intervention in Portugal, made with a systematized approach between school, parents and a little girl's therapist with 6 years old diagnosed with SM and its application. To collect information a baseline intervention plan was used, a semi-structured interview and filling forms. The results show that with a systematized approach in articulation with main social contexts in which the child is involved, the SM can be overpast.
Selective mutism is a disturbance which consists in a persistent failure in communicating in specific social contexts in which is expected to exist communication (e.g. in school, with colleagues or teacher) usually failing in family contexts (e.g. home). As a consequence there is an avoidance of the child in showing in social events afraid of being seen or heard by unknown people. This behaviour often occurs in the beginning of pre-school (e.g. from 4-5 years) reducing school performance in long term causing anxiety and adjusting difficulties. Studies suggest that cognitive behavioral theory is the best therapeutic approach to act with SM in articulation with individual therapy and with an intervention in school. If no approach is taken, this disturbance can develop into other disturbances (e.g. social phobia) causing more suffering to the child. The present study presents a pioneering intervention in Portugal, made with a systematized approach between school, parents and a little girl's therapist with 6 years old diagnosed with SM and its application. To collect information a baseline intervention plan was used, a semi-structured interview and filling forms. The results show that with a systematized approach in articulation with main social contexts in which the child is involved, the SM can be overpast.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação de Csongor Juhos apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Mutismo seletivo Ansiedade Fobia social Intervenção Selective mutism Anxiety Social phobia Intervention