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O que não mata, mas engorda? Estratégias de perda de peso malsucedidas
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Abstract(s)
A obesidade associa-se à redução da qualidade de vida e é um fator de risco para a morbilidade
e mortalidade. São frequentes os estudos acerca de mudanças bem-sucedidas, sendo raramente
disseminados processos e fatores malsucedidos. Assim, o objetivo desta investigação é explorar
e comparar a natureza das estratégias de perda de peso malsucedidas em 1) adultos que já
tiveram excesso de peso/obesidade e efetuaram uma perda de peso bem-sucedida (PPBS), e 2)
adultos com obesidade (OB) na atualidade. No total, 137 indivíduos (nPPBS= 65; nOB=72) foram
entrevistados acerca das estratégias malsucedidas utilizadas na diminuição de peso. Os
resultados mostraram que as estratégias mais frequentes (tanto na amostra de PPBS, como na
amostra de OB) foram o suporte social formal instrumental (PPBS: 16.5%; OB: 8.8%); o
suporte formal médico (PPBS: 13.9%; OB: 11%); o uso de medicamentos (PPBS: 13.5%; OB:
13.8%); o suporte formal nutricionista (PPBS: 13.2%; OB: 13.5%) e a dieta sem outra
especificação (PPBS: 7.9%; OB: 12.4%). Adicionalmente, experiência de um ciclo de perda e
reganho foi igualmente mencionado por ambas as amostras (PPBS: 27.9%; OB: 7.3%).
Verificou-se que a maioria das estratégias malsucedidas de perda de peso emergentes deste
estudo estavam presentes, simultaneamente, nas duas amostras de indivíduos e remetiam para
suporte formal (por profissionais de saúde). Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de
exploração das expectativas que as pessoas têm sobre a ação destes profissionais neste campo,
assim como o que poderá associar-se à perceção de ineficácia da mesma.
Obesity is associated with reduction in quality of life, and it’s a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Studies regarding successful changes are frequent, whereas unsuccessful factors and ineffective processes are rarely explored. Hence, the purpose of this investigation is to explore and compare the nature of unsuccessfully weigh loss strategies in 1) people who have had excessive weight/obesity in the past and have already undergone a successfully weight loss (PPBS), and 2) individuals that currently have obesity (OB). In total, 137 individuals (nPPBS= 65; nOB=72) were interviewed regarding the strategies used in the process of weight loss which weren’t successful. Results show that the most referred strategies, in both samples, were instrumental social support (PPBS: 16.5%; OB: 8.8%); formal medical support (PPBS: 13.9%; OB: 11%); drug/medicine use (PPBS: 13.5%; OB: 13.8%); nutritionist formal support (PPBS: 13.2%; OB: 13.5%) and diet with no additional specification (PPBS: 7.9%; OB: 12.4%). Additionally, the experience of a loss-regain cycle was one of the most frequent referred factors associated with an unsuccessful weight loss in both samples (PPBS: 27.9%; OB: 7.3%). It was verified that most frequent unsuccessful weight loss strategies were simultaneously present in both samples, and referred to formal support (by health professionals). These results enforce the need to explore the expectations people have regarding the action of these professionals (and related interventions, such as diet) and what could be associated to their perceived inefficacy.
Obesity is associated with reduction in quality of life, and it’s a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Studies regarding successful changes are frequent, whereas unsuccessful factors and ineffective processes are rarely explored. Hence, the purpose of this investigation is to explore and compare the nature of unsuccessfully weigh loss strategies in 1) people who have had excessive weight/obesity in the past and have already undergone a successfully weight loss (PPBS), and 2) individuals that currently have obesity (OB). In total, 137 individuals (nPPBS= 65; nOB=72) were interviewed regarding the strategies used in the process of weight loss which weren’t successful. Results show that the most referred strategies, in both samples, were instrumental social support (PPBS: 16.5%; OB: 8.8%); formal medical support (PPBS: 13.9%; OB: 11%); drug/medicine use (PPBS: 13.5%; OB: 13.8%); nutritionist formal support (PPBS: 13.2%; OB: 13.5%) and diet with no additional specification (PPBS: 7.9%; OB: 12.4%). Additionally, the experience of a loss-regain cycle was one of the most frequent referred factors associated with an unsuccessful weight loss in both samples (PPBS: 27.9%; OB: 7.3%). It was verified that most frequent unsuccessful weight loss strategies were simultaneously present in both samples, and referred to formal support (by health professionals). These results enforce the need to explore the expectations people have regarding the action of these professionals (and related interventions, such as diet) and what could be associated to their perceived inefficacy.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Obesidade Estratégias malsucedidas Perda de peso Adultos Obesity Unsuccessfully strategies Weigh loss Adults