A carregar...
Publicação
Desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção psicológica para a cessação tabágica
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 277.26 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O risco de doenças associado ao consumo de tabaco
é actualmente um dos problemas mais importantes de
saúde pública. Para além da dependência fisiológica
provocada pela nicotina, o consumo de tabaco também
está relacionado com variáveis psicossociais que reforçam
e mantém o comportamento de fumar, tornando-o
repetitivo e automático nas mais diversas situações e
contextos. Da maioria dos fumadores que desejam deixar
de fumar sozinhos, só 5% tem êxito. Nos últimos
tempos, têm-se verificado um aumento do número de
estratégias, farmacológicas, de substituição e psicológicas,
para fazer face a este problema. Dentro da última
abordagem apresentam-se os primeiros dados de
um programa de intervenção psicológica segundo o
modelo proposto por E. Becoña (1993) numa perspectiva
cognitivo-comportamental. O protocolo de tratamento
para deixar de fumar, inserido na Consulta de
Psicologia Clínica do Hospital Pedro Hispano, compreende
3 fases (avaliação, intervenção e seguimento)
sendo composto por 6 sessões de intervenção individual,
ou em grupo, e 4 sessões de acompanhamento.
Os dados apresentados correspondem a uma amostra
de 107 doentes. Dos doentes que completaram o tratamento,
43% ficou abstinente e os restantes 57% reduziram
o consumo de cigarros por dia e os níveis de nicotina
de forma significativa.
Estes dados apontam para a eficácia deste tipo de
intervenção multicomponencial, que abrange não só os
aspectos fisiológicos do acto de fumar, mas também os
seus aspectos comportamentais e psicossociais, pelo
que se alerta para a pertinência da divulgação e expansão
destes métodos de tratamento em serviços de saúde
na comunidade.
The risk of diseases associated to tobacco consume is nowadays one of the most important problems of public health. Beyond physiological dependence caused by nicotine, smoking is also related with psychosocial variables that reinforce and sustain the smoking act, making it repetitive and automatic in the most different contexts and situations. Most of the smokers who want to quit smoking by themselves, have only 5% of exit. Lately, it has been noticed, a diversified number of intervention strategies, whether pharmacological or psychological to face this problem. On this last perspective we present the first data of a psychological intervention program that follows the model proposed by E. Becoña (1993) in a cognitive-comportamental approach. The treatment protocol follows three steps (evaluation, intervention and follow-up), being composed by 6 sessions of individual or group treatment and 4 sessions of follow-up. This treatment program was conduced by the Psychological Service in Pedro Hispano Hospital, in Matosinhos, Portugal. The preliminary data presented here correspond to a sample of 107 persons. The ones who completed the treatment, 43% were abstinent at the end of the treatment and the others 57% reduced the cigarettes consume per day and the nicotine levels in a significative way. The present data reveals the efficacy of this kind of multimodal intervention, that includes not only the physiological aspects of the smoking act, but also the behaviour and psychosocial dimensions of it. So, we consider important the spread and implementation of this kind of treatment facilities on community health services.
The risk of diseases associated to tobacco consume is nowadays one of the most important problems of public health. Beyond physiological dependence caused by nicotine, smoking is also related with psychosocial variables that reinforce and sustain the smoking act, making it repetitive and automatic in the most different contexts and situations. Most of the smokers who want to quit smoking by themselves, have only 5% of exit. Lately, it has been noticed, a diversified number of intervention strategies, whether pharmacological or psychological to face this problem. On this last perspective we present the first data of a psychological intervention program that follows the model proposed by E. Becoña (1993) in a cognitive-comportamental approach. The treatment protocol follows three steps (evaluation, intervention and follow-up), being composed by 6 sessions of individual or group treatment and 4 sessions of follow-up. This treatment program was conduced by the Psychological Service in Pedro Hispano Hospital, in Matosinhos, Portugal. The preliminary data presented here correspond to a sample of 107 persons. The ones who completed the treatment, 43% were abstinent at the end of the treatment and the others 57% reduced the cigarettes consume per day and the nicotine levels in a significative way. The present data reveals the efficacy of this kind of multimodal intervention, that includes not only the physiological aspects of the smoking act, but also the behaviour and psychosocial dimensions of it. So, we consider important the spread and implementation of this kind of treatment facilities on community health services.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tabaco Deixar de fumar Factores de risco cardiovasculares Intervenção psicológica Estratégias não farmacológicas Tobacco Smoking cessation Cardiovascular risk factors Psychological intervention Nonpharmacological strategies
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Análise Psicológica, XX(1), 45-56
Editora
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada