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Controlo inibitório em crianças medido através da tarefa Stroop Animal
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Abstract(s)
O crescente interesse pelo funcionamento executivo em crianças torna premente a questão da medida
empregue para o examinar. O efeito de Stroop tem sido usado para este fim. A tarefa Stroop Animal de
Wright, Waterman, Prescott, e Murdoch-Eaton (2003) procura resolver limitações de outras variantes da
tarefa Stroop aplicada a crianças, e permite obter uma medida de interferência que reflecte o controlo
inibitório. Apresentamos aqui os resultados nesta tarefa de um conjunto de crianças e jovens portugueses
agrupados em quatro faixas etárias: 5/6 anos, 7/8 anos, 10-12 anos e jovens adultos. Observámos uma
melhoria na capacidade de resolução da interferência, manifestada na diminuição dos erros e dos
tempos de reacção, com o aumento da idade. A menor exactidão e o aumento dos tempos de reacção na
condição incongruente relativamente à condição controlo evidenciou um menor controlo inibitório nas
crianças mais novas, de 5/6 e 7/8 anos, do que nas crianças de 10-12 anos e adultos jovens. Os resultados
obtidos permitem caracterizar o padrão desenvolvimental do efeito Stroop nesta tarefa, e comprovam
a sua utilidade para medir o funcionamento executivo em crianças mais novas.
ABSTRACT: Recent interest on executive functions in children has led to the development of tasks specifically designed to measure it. Stroop tasks adapted for children are an example. The Animal Stroop task devised by Wright, Waterman, Prescott, and Murdoch-Eaton (2003) solves limitations of previous Stroop paradigms for children and provides a sensitive measure of inhibitory control during childhood. We present results in this task from Portuguese children and adults grouped by age: 5/6-, 7/8-, 10/12-year-olds and young adults. A significant improvement in accuracy and reduction in reaction times was observed with increasing age in all conditions, more markedly so in the incongruent condition. Lower accuracy and increased reaction times in the incongruent condition relative to the control one revealed that 5/6- and 7/8-year-old children have less inhibitory control than do 10/12-year olds and young adults. These results allow us to characterize the developmental pattern of the Stroop effect in this task, and show that it is a useful tool for the measurement of inhibitory control in young children (less than 10 years of age).
ABSTRACT: Recent interest on executive functions in children has led to the development of tasks specifically designed to measure it. Stroop tasks adapted for children are an example. The Animal Stroop task devised by Wright, Waterman, Prescott, and Murdoch-Eaton (2003) solves limitations of previous Stroop paradigms for children and provides a sensitive measure of inhibitory control during childhood. We present results in this task from Portuguese children and adults grouped by age: 5/6-, 7/8-, 10/12-year-olds and young adults. A significant improvement in accuracy and reduction in reaction times was observed with increasing age in all conditions, more markedly so in the incongruent condition. Lower accuracy and increased reaction times in the incongruent condition relative to the control one revealed that 5/6- and 7/8-year-old children have less inhibitory control than do 10/12-year olds and young adults. These results allow us to characterize the developmental pattern of the Stroop effect in this task, and show that it is a useful tool for the measurement of inhibitory control in young children (less than 10 years of age).
Description
Keywords
Controlo inibitório Crianças Funções executivas Tarefa Stroop Children Executive functions Inhibitory control Stroop task
Citation
Laboratório de Psicologia, 8, 51-62
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada