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Tempo e forma de comunicação da morte de um ente querido: Ajustamento psicológico ao luto
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A perda de um ente querido é um evento emocionalmente impactante. A maioria
das pessoas reajusta-se de forma adaptativa, no entanto, uma minoria significativa
desenvolve Perturbação de Luto Prolongado (PLP), caracterizada por sintomas intensos
e persistentes. O risco de PLP está frequentemente ligado à falta de preparação para a
morte, que inclui variáveis como o tempo de sensibilização e de consciência sobre o
prognóstico do ente querido, e à forma como a notícia é comunicada, mas a literatura
carece de padronização sobre esses aspetos.
Este estudo investiga a relação entre o tempo e a comunicação da morte e o
ajustamento psicológico ao luto em pessoas que perderam um ente querido nos últimos
cinco anos. É um estudo misto convergente, com uma amostra quantitativa de 242
participantes, recolhida online via Qualtrics, e uma amostra qualitativa de 16
participantes. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos por meio de um questionário
sociodemográfico e da escala PG-13-R para PLP, enquanto as entrevistas semiestruturadas avaliaram o impacto subjetivo da comunicação no ajustamento ao luto.
A maioria das mortes ocorreu por doença em hospital, associadas a uma maior
prevalência de sintomas de PLP. A comunicação foi feita predominantemente por
familiares e por telefone, destacando a importância do suporte emocional. Uma
abordagem empática na comunicação da notícia pode reduzir o risco de PLP e facilitar o
ajustamento. Emergiram duas temáticas principais: o ajustamento ao luto e o impacto da
comunicação da morte. Estudos futuros devem focar-se na capacitação de profissionais e
no envolvimento de familiares na comunicação.
ABSTRACT:The loss of a loved one is an emotionally impactful event. Most people adjust adaptively, however, a significant minority develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PLD), characterized by intense and persistent symptoms. The risk of PLP is often linked to a lack of preparation for the death, which includes variables such as the time taken to become aware of the loved one's prognosis, and the way the news is communicated, but the literature lacks standardization on these aspects. This study investigates the relationship between the timing and communication of death and psychological adjustment to bereavement in people who have lost a loved one in the last five years. It is a mixed convergent study, with a quantitative sample of 242 participants, collected online via Qualtrics, and a qualitative sample of 16 participants. Quantitative data was obtained through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the PG13-R scale for PLP, while the semi-structured interviews assessed the subjective impact of communication of death on adjustment to bereavement. The majority of deaths occurred due to illness in hospital, associated with an increase in PLP symptoms. Communication was predominantly by family members and by telephone, highlighting the importance of emotional support. An empathetic approach to communicating the news can reduce the risk of PLP and make it easier to cope. Two main themes emerged: adjustment to bereavement and the impact of communication of death Future studies should focus on training professionals and involving family members in communication. .
ABSTRACT:The loss of a loved one is an emotionally impactful event. Most people adjust adaptively, however, a significant minority develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PLD), characterized by intense and persistent symptoms. The risk of PLP is often linked to a lack of preparation for the death, which includes variables such as the time taken to become aware of the loved one's prognosis, and the way the news is communicated, but the literature lacks standardization on these aspects. This study investigates the relationship between the timing and communication of death and psychological adjustment to bereavement in people who have lost a loved one in the last five years. It is a mixed convergent study, with a quantitative sample of 242 participants, collected online via Qualtrics, and a qualitative sample of 16 participants. Quantitative data was obtained through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the PG13-R scale for PLP, while the semi-structured interviews assessed the subjective impact of communication of death on adjustment to bereavement. The majority of deaths occurred due to illness in hospital, associated with an increase in PLP symptoms. Communication was predominantly by family members and by telephone, highlighting the importance of emotional support. An empathetic approach to communicating the news can reduce the risk of PLP and make it easier to cope. Two main themes emerged: adjustment to bereavement and the impact of communication of death Future studies should focus on training professionals and involving family members in communication. .
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Luto Perturbação de luto prolongado Perda de um ente querido Preparação para a morte Notificação da morte Grief Prolonged grief disorder Loss of a loved one Preparation to death Death notification