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Publication
A eficácia da técnica de restabelecimento do contexto como efeito protetor da memória de testemunhas oculares
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Entrevistar uma testemunha é um procedimento crucial para o sucesso de uma investigação criminal. É determinante perceber quais os melhores procedimentos de entrevista a utilizar de modo a preservar a memória das testemunhas, protegendo-as de falsas informações a que possam ser expostas e garantindo a qualidade da informação obtida. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo verificar se um relato imediato, após a visualização de um vídeo sobre um crime encenado, utilizando questões abertas e a técnica de Restabelecimento do Contexto (RC), teria um efeito protetor na memória no que diz respeito à suscetibilidade da testemunha a desinformação a que foi exposta e à quantidade e qualidade da informação obtida. A amostra foi composta por 42 sujeitos adultos que visualizaram um vídeo de um crime encenado, de seguida, elaboraram uma tarefa distratora e, posteriormente, foram divididos em dois grupos: um dos grupos foi entrevistado imediatamente utilizando questões abertas e a técnica RC; o outro continuou a elaborar a tarefa distratora. Posteriormente, ambos os grupos foram expostos a falsas informações através de um artigo de jornal fictício. Após 24 horas, todos os participantes foram entrevistados com questões aberta e de acordo com a técnica de RC e, posteriormente, responderam a um questionário com o objetivo de detetar a suscetibilidade à desinformação. Os resultados demonstraram que a existência de um relato inicial (RI) melhorou o desempenho dos participantes no que diz respeito à quantidade e qualidade da informação obtida.
Interviewing a witness is crucial for the success of a criminal investigation. It is essential to know and use the existing best interviewing procedures, in order to preserve the witness’s memory, protecting them from the false information and ensuring the quality of the information retrieved. The main goal of the current study was to explore whether an immediate interview, conducted after the participants watched video about a staged crime, using the Reinstatement of Context (RC) technique, would have a protective effect on memory regarding their susceptibility to misinformation and the quantity and quality of the information retrieved. The sample was composed by 42 adult subjects. They viewed a video of a staged crime, then completed a distracting task and were then divided into two groups: one group was immediately interviewed using free recall questions and the RC technique, while the other group continued completing distracting tasks. After that, both groups were exposed to false information through a fictitious newspaper article. Twenty-four hours later, all participants were interviewed using free recall questions and the RC technique and after that, answered a questionnaire to detect susceptibility to misinformation. Results showed that an initial report (IR) improved the participant’s performance regarding the quantity and quality of the information retrieved.
Interviewing a witness is crucial for the success of a criminal investigation. It is essential to know and use the existing best interviewing procedures, in order to preserve the witness’s memory, protecting them from the false information and ensuring the quality of the information retrieved. The main goal of the current study was to explore whether an immediate interview, conducted after the participants watched video about a staged crime, using the Reinstatement of Context (RC) technique, would have a protective effect on memory regarding their susceptibility to misinformation and the quantity and quality of the information retrieved. The sample was composed by 42 adult subjects. They viewed a video of a staged crime, then completed a distracting task and were then divided into two groups: one group was immediately interviewed using free recall questions and the RC technique, while the other group continued completing distracting tasks. After that, both groups were exposed to false information through a fictitious newspaper article. Twenty-four hours later, all participants were interviewed using free recall questions and the RC technique and after that, answered a questionnaire to detect susceptibility to misinformation. Results showed that an initial report (IR) improved the participant’s performance regarding the quantity and quality of the information retrieved.
Description
Keywords
Testemunhas Entrevista Desinformação Memória Crime Witnesses Interview Misinformation Memory