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Contribuição para o estudo da biologia das anémonas do género Actinia linnaeus, 1767 na costa europeia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação foca -se na biologia das anémonas -do-mar do
género Actinia Linnaeus 1767, um grupo com ampla heterogeneidade
morfológica e biogeográfica. Embora seja bastante comum, ainda existem
dúvidas acerca da sua biologia, ecologia e taxonomia. A fim de contribuir
para o conhecimento da biologia deste género, começou -se por utilizar uma
técnica molecular para identificar as espécies deste género presentes na
Península Ibérica. Adicionalmente, determinou-se a relação genética
existente entre os adultos e os pólipos incubados em anémonas deste género
presentes na costa Portuguesa, de modo a averiguar o tipo de reprodução
utilizada por estas anémonas. Finalmente, estudou -se a presença e
frequência de comportamentos agonísticos das anémonas da espécie A.
fragacea Tugwell, 1856.
O primeiro estudo permitiu validar a presença de três espécies do género
Actinia na Península Ibérica: A. equina (Linnaeus, 1758) , A. schmidti
Monteiro, Solé -Cava & Thorpe, 1997 e A. fragacea. A relação entre adultos
e pólipos por eles incubados sugere fortemente que o tipo de reprodução
associada à viviparidade é assexuada. Para o estudo do comportamento em
A. fragacea foram realizados 24 testes, em que anémonas geneticamente
iguais ou diferentes foram colocadas em contacto, sendo descri tos e
quantificados os comportamentos agonísticos exibidos. Verificou-se a
presença de comportamentos agonísticos em todos os ensaios, com
frequências e durações mui to variáveis em ambos os grupos, tendo em 79%
dos casos resultado no afastamento de uma das anémonas.
ABSTRACT: This dissertation focuses on the biology of sea anemones from the genus Actinia (Linnaeus, 1767) , a heterogeneous group in terms of morphology and biogeography. Although quite common organisms are included, there are still doubts about their biology, ecology and taxonomy. In order to contribute to the biological knowledge of this genus, a molecular approach was used for the identification of the species occurring in the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, the genetic relationship between adults and incubated polyps (viviparity) in this genus was investigated for the Portuguese coast . Finally, the presence and frequency of agonistic behavior in sea anemones of the species A. fragacea (Tugwell, 1856) was also assessed. In the first study, the presence of three species of the genus Actinia in the Iberian Peninsula was validated: A. equina (Linnaeus, 1758) , A. schmidti (Monteiro, Solé-Cava & Thorpe, 1997) and A. fragacea. The relationship between adults and incubated polyps strongly suggests that the latter are asexually produced, being viviparity in Iberian Actinia an asexual reproduction mode. To study the agonistic behavior of A. f ragacea, 24 trials were performed, wherein the behaviour of pairs of clones or genetically different individuals were studied. Agonist ic behaviours were recorded in all trials, with variable durations and f requencies, for both groups. In 79% of the trials, these behaviours were followed by withdrawal .
ABSTRACT: This dissertation focuses on the biology of sea anemones from the genus Actinia (Linnaeus, 1767) , a heterogeneous group in terms of morphology and biogeography. Although quite common organisms are included, there are still doubts about their biology, ecology and taxonomy. In order to contribute to the biological knowledge of this genus, a molecular approach was used for the identification of the species occurring in the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, the genetic relationship between adults and incubated polyps (viviparity) in this genus was investigated for the Portuguese coast . Finally, the presence and frequency of agonistic behavior in sea anemones of the species A. fragacea (Tugwell, 1856) was also assessed. In the first study, the presence of three species of the genus Actinia in the Iberian Peninsula was validated: A. equina (Linnaeus, 1758) , A. schmidti (Monteiro, Solé-Cava & Thorpe, 1997) and A. fragacea. The relationship between adults and incubated polyps strongly suggests that the latter are asexually produced, being viviparity in Iberian Actinia an asexual reproduction mode. To study the agonistic behavior of A. f ragacea, 24 trials were performed, wherein the behaviour of pairs of clones or genetically different individuals were studied. Agonist ic behaviours were recorded in all trials, with variable durations and f requencies, for both groups. In 79% of the trials, these behaviours were followed by withdrawal .
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Genét ica Comportamento agoníst ico Actinia Genetics Agonist ic behavior