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Variáveis psicossociais em mulheres com cancro da mama : o impacto da escrita narrativa
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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo, analisar através da análise qualitativa, os excertos escritos através de escrita narrativa de mulheres com cancro da mama; compreender, através da análise qualitativa, as experiências subjetivas destas mulheres; explorar o conteúdo emocional e cognitivo que está presente na experiência individual; averiguar a experiência subjetiva do crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) que poderá estar presente nos relatos da experiência. Em suma, esperou-se compreender a experiência subjetiva das participantes e encontrar CPT e outras variáveis associadas nos excertos de escrita narrativa.
Método: O desenho de investigação é de cariz qualitativo e a amostra é constituída por 59 mulheres (M = 52,46; DP = 8,744), as quais escreveram as suas experiências com o cancro da mama, no âmbito da técnica de escrita narrativa aplicada durante uma intervenção em grupo realizada num estudo mais alargado. As participantes são utentes do Serviço de Oncologia de hospitais públicos ou privados da zona Grande de Lisboa e do Porto. Estas participaram num grupo psicoterapêutico que teve como objetivo promover o desenvolvimento de CPT e providenciar o ajustamento psicossocial ao cancro da mama.
Resultados: É possível concluir, através da análise qualitativa das experiências subjetivas destas participantes, que as reações à experiência do cancro não estão propriamente relacionadas com cada uma das fases do cancro da mama nem determinadas pelo fator cronológico, mas sim pelas diferentes fases de compreensão da doença. Assim, é possível verificar-se três diferentes fases de reação à experiência do cancro da mama, tais como: a) A experiência do cancro da mama; b) Vivência reflexiva do impacto do cancro da mama; c) Reflexão sobre ganhos e perdas relativamente ao antes e após a experiência do cancro.
Discussão: Os resultados permitem que as três fases da doença sejam consideradas ao nível da intervenção psico-oncológica e reforçam a existência de CPT em mulheres com cancro da mama, obtida através de métodos qualitativos.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze, through qualitative analysis, based on written excerpts through expressive writing of women with breast cancer; understand through qualitative analysis the subjective experiences of these women; explore the emotional and cognitive content that is present in the individual experience; as well the subjective experience of post-traumatic growth (PTG) that may be present in the experience reports. Resumably, it was expected to understand the subjective experience of the participants and to find PTG and other associated variables in the expressive writing excerpts. Method: The drawing research is qualitative and the sample consists of 59 women who have written (M = 52,46; DP = 8,744), their experiences with breast cancer, within the scope of the expressive writing applied during a group intervention carried out in a broader study. The participants are users of the Oncology Units of the public or private hospitals in Greater Lisbon and Porto. They participated in a psychotherapeutic group that aimed to promote the development of PTG and provide psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer. Results: It is possible to conclude, through the qualitative analysis of the subjective experiences of these participants, that the reactions to the experience of cancer are not exactly related to each phase of breast cancer or determined by the chronological factor, but by the different phases of understanding the disease. Thus, it is possible to verify three different phases of reaction to the experience of breast cancer, such as: a) The experience of breast cancer; b) Reflective experience of the cancer; c) Reflection on gains and losses in relation to before and after the cancer experience. These results contribute into an intervention more focused on the integration of this disease in the personal life of women and consequently contribute to the PTG theory. Discussion: The results allow the three phases of the disease to be considered at the level of psycho-oncological intervention and reinforce the existence of PTG in women with breast cancer, obtained through qualitative methods.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze, through qualitative analysis, based on written excerpts through expressive writing of women with breast cancer; understand through qualitative analysis the subjective experiences of these women; explore the emotional and cognitive content that is present in the individual experience; as well the subjective experience of post-traumatic growth (PTG) that may be present in the experience reports. Resumably, it was expected to understand the subjective experience of the participants and to find PTG and other associated variables in the expressive writing excerpts. Method: The drawing research is qualitative and the sample consists of 59 women who have written (M = 52,46; DP = 8,744), their experiences with breast cancer, within the scope of the expressive writing applied during a group intervention carried out in a broader study. The participants are users of the Oncology Units of the public or private hospitals in Greater Lisbon and Porto. They participated in a psychotherapeutic group that aimed to promote the development of PTG and provide psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer. Results: It is possible to conclude, through the qualitative analysis of the subjective experiences of these participants, that the reactions to the experience of cancer are not exactly related to each phase of breast cancer or determined by the chronological factor, but by the different phases of understanding the disease. Thus, it is possible to verify three different phases of reaction to the experience of breast cancer, such as: a) The experience of breast cancer; b) Reflective experience of the cancer; c) Reflection on gains and losses in relation to before and after the cancer experience. These results contribute into an intervention more focused on the integration of this disease in the personal life of women and consequently contribute to the PTG theory. Discussion: The results allow the three phases of the disease to be considered at the level of psycho-oncological intervention and reinforce the existence of PTG in women with breast cancer, obtained through qualitative methods.
Description
Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau
de Mestre na Especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.
Keywords
Cancro da mama Escrita narrativa Crescimento pós-traumático Variáveis psicossociais Experiência subjetiva Breast cancer Expressive writing Post-traumatic growth Psychosocial variables Subjective experience