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Trauma e consumo de álcool e drogas: O papel da anedonia
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Objetivo: Vários estudos mostram que experiências traumáticas podem levar ao consumo de
álcool e outras drogas. No entanto, os mecanismos subjacentes a esta relação ainda são pouco
conhecidos. Assim, o presente estudo procura identificar quais os fatores responsáveis que levam
indivíduos a recorrer ao consumo de substâncias após a vivência de experiências traumáticas. O
objetivo deste estudo centra-se na análise do papel da anedonia enquanto variável explicativa da
relação entre o trauma e o consumo de álcool e outras drogas. Método: A amostra do presente
estudo foi composta por 107 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos.
Os participantes preencheram um questionário contendo um questionário sociodemográfico e de
caracterização clínica, o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST),
o Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), o Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist For DSM-V (PCL 5) e Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Resultados: Os resultados indicam a existência
de um efeito direto por parte do trauma no consumo de álcool e outras drogas. Contudo, este
efeito foi mediado pelos sintomas de anedonia. Desta forma, foi possível verificar que quanto
maior for a exposição a experiências traumáticas, maior são os níveis de anedonia
experienciados, o que, por sua vez, promove um maior consumo de álcool e outras substâncias.
Conclusão: O presente estudo permite compreender melhor a relação existente entre trauma e o
consumo de substâncias. De facto, os resultados obtidos mostram que a influência do trauma no
consumo de substâncias é, pelo menos em parte, explicada pela influência que o trauma assume
nos sintomas de anedonia. Os resultados obtidos sustentam o papel determinante da anedonia na
relação entre trauma e consumo de substâncias. Sendo assim, os resultados sugerem que a
anedonia deve assumir-se como foco principal no desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção
e programas de tratamento dirigidos a indivíduos com experiências traumáticas passadas e em
risco de consumo de álcool e outras drogas ou risco de desenvolver dependência de substâncias.
Objective: Several studies show that traumatic experiences can lead to alcohol and drug use. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the factors that lead individuals to engage in substance use following traumatic experiences. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the role of anhedonia as an explanatory variable in the relationship between trauma and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Method: The sample of the present study consisted of 107 participants, aged between 18 and 65 years. Participants completed a questionnaire including a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Results: The results indicate a direct effect of trauma on alcohol and other drug use. However, this effect was mediated by anhedonia symptoms. Thus, it was possible to verify that the greater the exposure to traumatic experiences, the higher the levels of anhedonia experienced, which, in turn, promotes greater alcohol and other substance use. Conclusion: The present study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between trauma and substance use. The findings suggest that the influence of trauma on substance use is, at least in part, explained by its effect on anhedonia symptoms. These results underscore the pivotal role of anhedonia in the trauma–substance use relationship, suggesting that it should be a central focus in the development of intervention strategies and treatment programs aimed at individuals with past traumatic experiences who are at risk of alcohol and drug use or of developing substance dependence.
Objective: Several studies show that traumatic experiences can lead to alcohol and drug use. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the factors that lead individuals to engage in substance use following traumatic experiences. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the role of anhedonia as an explanatory variable in the relationship between trauma and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Method: The sample of the present study consisted of 107 participants, aged between 18 and 65 years. Participants completed a questionnaire including a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Results: The results indicate a direct effect of trauma on alcohol and other drug use. However, this effect was mediated by anhedonia symptoms. Thus, it was possible to verify that the greater the exposure to traumatic experiences, the higher the levels of anhedonia experienced, which, in turn, promotes greater alcohol and other substance use. Conclusion: The present study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between trauma and substance use. The findings suggest that the influence of trauma on substance use is, at least in part, explained by its effect on anhedonia symptoms. These results underscore the pivotal role of anhedonia in the trauma–substance use relationship, suggesting that it should be a central focus in the development of intervention strategies and treatment programs aimed at individuals with past traumatic experiences who are at risk of alcohol and drug use or of developing substance dependence.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Psicologia na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Anedonia Trauma Consumo de Substâncias e Álcool Anhedonia Trauma Alcohol and Drug Consumption Alcohol