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Stress e os profissionais de saúde: Os que tratam também sofrem
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Abstract(s)
Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de dados de investigação
sobre o stress ocupacional nos profissionais
de saúde. São apresentados dados quanto as fontes de
stress ocupacional de carácter organizacional e socio-
-emocional experienciado pelos profissionais de saúde.
Foram descritas dificuldades ao nível do conteúdo do
trabalho, de ambiguidade e conflito de papel, e de clima
organizacional. Ao nível sócio-emocional, foram
abordadas questões relacionadas com a incerteza do
conhecimento médico, a relação com doentes difíceis,
a exposição constante i morte, e as implicações do
stress profissional na vida privada. E salientado que o
stress do contacto com o doente é específico as profissões
da saúde e que os aspectos psicológicos da doença,
do comportamento do doente e do contacto com
este, têm sido descurados pela ciência médica. A autora
também apresenta os resultados de investigações
sobre os efeitos do stress nos profissionais de saúde,
que revelam sintomas físicos, psicológicos e sociais.
São ainda apresentados os resultados de dois estudos
pilotos feitos em Portugal sobre o stress e burnout em
médicos Clínicos Gerais e apontadas conclusões e
limitações destes. O artigo termina com considerações
sobre a contribuição da Psicologia da Saúde para a
promoção da saúde dos profissionais de saúde e uma
melhoria dos seus cuidados. Oferecem-se algumas
sugestões de intervenções preventivas e remediativas
para lidar com os aspectos organizacionais e sócio-
-emocionais do stress ocupacional nas profissões da
saúde.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a revision of research data on the topic of stress and health care professionals. The organizational and socio-emotional sources of occupational stress in the health professions are reviewed. Difficulties regarding work content, role conflict, role ambiguity and organizational climate are described. At the socio-emotional level, the paper addresses the issues of dealing with uncertainty of medical knowledge, contact with difficult patients, exposure to death, and the implications of these stressors for the provider’s private life. It is emphasized that the stress of patient contact is specific to the health professions and that the psychological aspects of disease, the patient’s behavior, and the provider-patient relationship, have been neglected by medical science. The author reviews the data on the effects of stress on health care professionals, which reveals symptoms at the physical, psychological and social levels. The results of two Portuguese studies on stress and burnout in General Practitioners were presented, and their conclusions and limitations discussed. The paper concludes pointing out the contribution of Health Psychology in the promotion of health in health care professionals and, thus, toward improving their services. Some final suggestions are offered for preventative and remedial interventions to deal with the organizational and socioemotional aspects of occupational stress in the health professions.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a revision of research data on the topic of stress and health care professionals. The organizational and socio-emotional sources of occupational stress in the health professions are reviewed. Difficulties regarding work content, role conflict, role ambiguity and organizational climate are described. At the socio-emotional level, the paper addresses the issues of dealing with uncertainty of medical knowledge, contact with difficult patients, exposure to death, and the implications of these stressors for the provider’s private life. It is emphasized that the stress of patient contact is specific to the health professions and that the psychological aspects of disease, the patient’s behavior, and the provider-patient relationship, have been neglected by medical science. The author reviews the data on the effects of stress on health care professionals, which reveals symptoms at the physical, psychological and social levels. The results of two Portuguese studies on stress and burnout in General Practitioners were presented, and their conclusions and limitations discussed. The paper concludes pointing out the contribution of Health Psychology in the promotion of health in health care professionals and, thus, toward improving their services. Some final suggestions are offered for preventative and remedial interventions to deal with the organizational and socioemotional aspects of occupational stress in the health professions.
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Citation
Análise Psicológica, 12, 193-200
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada