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Risco psicossocial e psicopatologia em adolescentes com percurso delinquente
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Muitos dos estudos realizados no âmbito da
delinquência juvenil tendem a dar suporte a uma
conceptualização socio-ecológica da delinquência
juvenil, a qual sugere que esta é multideterminada pela
inter-relação recíproca e dinâmica das características do
indivíduo e dos sistemas sociais chave (Agnew, 2003).
Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de um
estudo conduzido com o objectivo de identificar
retrospectivamente, num grupo de adolescentes delinquentes,
um conjunto de factores de risco psicossocial,
tipologia do comportamento delinquente e história de
risco ou adversidade psicossocial na infância. A
investigação centrou-se ainda na compreensão da
relação entre estes factores e indicadores de sintomatologia
psicopatológica.
O estudo integrou um total de 63 adolescentes
abrangidos pela Lei Tutelar Educativa e os dados
foram recolhidos na região sul do país.
Como instrumentos de recolha de dados, foram
utilizados o Índice Geral de Sintomas (IGS) do Brief
Symptom Inventory e um questionário de caracterização
construído com base na revisão da literatura
sobre os indicadores de risco psicossocial para comportamento
anti-social na adolescência, destacando-se a
tipologia de risco psicossocial estabelecida por Born,
Chevalier e Humblet (1997) e a taxonomia desenvolvimental
do comportamento anti-social de Moffit (1993).
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os adolescentes
cujos pais apresentam uma relação conflituosa tendem
a apresentar um índice de sintomas psicopatológicos
significativamente superior ao dos adolescentes cujos
pais não revelam conflitos aparentes. No entanto, o
relato de psicopatologia não parece ser significativamente
superior nos jovens com indicadores de
acontecimentos negativos na infância (separações de
pais, ausência de figura paterna, institucionalizações,
maus-tratos na infância, conflitos entre os pais).
No presente artigo são discutidos os resultados
obtidos, consideradas algumas limitações do estudo e
efectuadas propostas de investigações futuras.
Several investigations on juvenile delinquency sustain a socio-ecological conceptualization of juvenile delinquency, which suggests that this trend is determined by a reciprocal and dynamic inter-relation of the individuals’ characteristics and their key social systems (Agnew, 2003). In this paper, we present the results of a study aimed at identifying retrospectively, in a group of juvenile delinquents, a set of psychosocial risk factors, patterns of anti-social behavior and previous events of risk or psychosocial adversity during infancy. The research has also focused on understanding the relationship between these factors and self-reported psychopathological symptoms. The study comprised a sample of 63 adolescents in the Portuguese Justice System for minors in judicial custody, and data were collected in the south of the country. To collect the required information we used the General Symptom Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory, as well as a questionnaire designed for this study, based on literature review on psychosocial risk factors for antisocial behavior in adolescence, particularly, the typology of psychosocial risk established by Born, Chevalier, and Humblet (1997) and Moffit’s developmental taxonomy on adolescents’ anti-social behaviour (1993). The results suggest that adolescents whose parents have a clearly conflictual relationship tend to have an index of psychopathological symptoms significantly higher than those whose parents did not present apparent conflicts. However, the report of psychopathology is not significantly higher in people with indicators of negative events in childhood (separation from a parent, absence of a father figure, institutionalization, child abuse, conflict between parents). Results are discussed, limitations of the study are considered and proposals for future research are made.
Several investigations on juvenile delinquency sustain a socio-ecological conceptualization of juvenile delinquency, which suggests that this trend is determined by a reciprocal and dynamic inter-relation of the individuals’ characteristics and their key social systems (Agnew, 2003). In this paper, we present the results of a study aimed at identifying retrospectively, in a group of juvenile delinquents, a set of psychosocial risk factors, patterns of anti-social behavior and previous events of risk or psychosocial adversity during infancy. The research has also focused on understanding the relationship between these factors and self-reported psychopathological symptoms. The study comprised a sample of 63 adolescents in the Portuguese Justice System for minors in judicial custody, and data were collected in the south of the country. To collect the required information we used the General Symptom Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory, as well as a questionnaire designed for this study, based on literature review on psychosocial risk factors for antisocial behavior in adolescence, particularly, the typology of psychosocial risk established by Born, Chevalier, and Humblet (1997) and Moffit’s developmental taxonomy on adolescents’ anti-social behaviour (1993). The results suggest that adolescents whose parents have a clearly conflictual relationship tend to have an index of psychopathological symptoms significantly higher than those whose parents did not present apparent conflicts. However, the report of psychopathology is not significantly higher in people with indicators of negative events in childhood (separation from a parent, absence of a father figure, institutionalization, child abuse, conflict between parents). Results are discussed, limitations of the study are considered and proposals for future research are made.
Description
Keywords
Comportamento anti-social Delinquência juvenil Factores de risco psicossocial Lei tutelar educativa Psicopatologia Anti-social behaviour Juvenile delinquency Portuguese juvenile justice system Psychosocial risk factors Psychopathology
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 28(1), 117-132. Doi: 10.14417/ap.258
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada