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Abstract(s)
As tartarugas marinhas existem na terra há mais de 150 milhões de anos. Atualmente, estes
animais enfrentam inúmeras ameaças, nomeadamente a perda do habitat, a pesca acidental, a
poluição marinha e as mudanças climáticas. Apesar de as tartarugas marinhas passarem a
maioria do seu tempo no mar, elas precisam de praias arenosas para se reproduzirem. Para
compreender o estado de conservação das espécies e populações é importante estudar
parâmetros demográficos, nomeadamente o tamanho dos indivíduos adultos. Estudar o
tamanho dos indivíduos reprodutores é importante já que permite conhecer a estrutura
demográfica de uma população e inferir acerca da qualidade do habitat. Nas últimas décadas,
foi observada a redução nos tamanhos médios de várias espécies, incluindo uma notável
diminuição no tamanho médio das tartarugas marinhas reprodutoras. Neste estudo, foi
investigada a tendência do tamanho corporal das tartarugas-verdes nidificantes na ilha de
Poilão, e realizou-se o primeiro censo das atividades de desova das tartarugas-verdes na ilha
de Canhabaque. Em Canhabaque, observou-se uma baixa densidade de ninhos, além disso,
verificou-se uma elevada taxa de predação, atingindo 97% dos ninhos, os quais foram predados
por Varanus niloticus, conhecidos como varanos-do-nilo. No período de 1994 a 2022, o
tamanho médio das tartarugas-verdes reprodutoras na Ilha de Poilão não apresentou variações
significativas, o que sugere que o tamanho médio para a reprodução se tem mantido estável
nos últimos 30 anos.
ABSTRACT: Marine turtles have existed on Earth for over 150 million years. These animals face numerous threats, including habitat loss, accidental bycatch, marine pollution, and climate change. Despite spending most of their time in the sea, marine turtles require sandy beaches for reproduction. To understand the conservation status of species and populations, it is important to study demographic parameters, including the size of adult individuals. Studying body size is crucial as it allows us to understand the demographic structure of a population and infer habitat quality or threats. In recent decades, a reduction in the average sizes of several species, including a noticeable decrease in the average size for reproduction of marine turtles, has been observed. In this study, we investigated the trend in the body size of nesting green turtles on Poilão Island. We conducted the first census of nesting activities, including the number of nests, tracks, nest predation, and inundation on Canhabaque Island. In Poilão, there was no significant variation in the mean size at maturity of green turtles over the last two decades. In Canhabaque, a low nesting density was observed. Furthermore, a high predation rate was noted, affecting approximately 97% of the nests, which were predominantly preyed upon by Varanus niloticus, commonly referred to as Nile monitors.
ABSTRACT: Marine turtles have existed on Earth for over 150 million years. These animals face numerous threats, including habitat loss, accidental bycatch, marine pollution, and climate change. Despite spending most of their time in the sea, marine turtles require sandy beaches for reproduction. To understand the conservation status of species and populations, it is important to study demographic parameters, including the size of adult individuals. Studying body size is crucial as it allows us to understand the demographic structure of a population and infer habitat quality or threats. In recent decades, a reduction in the average sizes of several species, including a noticeable decrease in the average size for reproduction of marine turtles, has been observed. In this study, we investigated the trend in the body size of nesting green turtles on Poilão Island. We conducted the first census of nesting activities, including the number of nests, tracks, nest predation, and inundation on Canhabaque Island. In Poilão, there was no significant variation in the mean size at maturity of green turtles over the last two decades. In Canhabaque, a low nesting density was observed. Furthermore, a high predation rate was noted, affecting approximately 97% of the nests, which were predominantly preyed upon by Varanus niloticus, commonly referred to as Nile monitors.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação
do Prof. Doutor Paulo Xavier Catry e da Doutora Rita
Patrício, apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Biologia
Marinha e Conservação.
Keywords
Tartarugas marinhas Tamanho médio de maturação Conservação marinha Predação de ovos Guiné-Bissau Marine turtles Size at maturity Marine conservation Egg predation Guinea-Bissau