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Psicopatia e as relações interpessoais: Um estudo fenomenológico
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Abstract(s)
Um indivíduo psicopata destaca-se pela adoção de uma “máscara”, ocultando as suas verdadeiras intenções nas relações que estabelece. Um indivíduo psicopata poderá avaliar um outro sujeito de modo a calcular a gratificação que o Outro lhe poderá fornecer (dinheiro, poder, sexo ou influência), independentemente do contexto em que se encontra inserido. Objetivo: O estudo em questão pretende explorar detalhadamente o sentido que os indivíduos psicopatas atribuem ao seu mundo pessoal e social encontrando uma estrutura comum nas relações interpessoais. Método: A recolha de dados realizou-se a partir do instrumento Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Foram recolhidos seis participantes com uma pontuação acima de 25 pontos na PCL-R, onde os participantes relatam diversas experiências e emoções sobre as suas relações e sobre si, através da análise fenomenológica interpretativa de Jonathan Smith. Resultados: A análise individual e global dos resultados permitiu conceber uma estrutura geral sobre o fenómeno dos indivíduos psicopatas nas relações interpessoais, nomeadamente a nível familiar, amoroso/sexual, e com o Outro, e a perceção que o grupo em questão tem sobre si, resultando numa incapacidade de os mesmos estabelecerem uma relação concisa e estável. Conclusões: Os resultados corroboram a literatura prévia concebida sobre a psicopatia e o modo como se relacionam. Verificou-se que a experiência das relações é instável devido aos próprios, colocando a hipótese de que a intencionalidade foi corrompida pela consciência dos indivíduos (o Eu) e de que o fenómeno (relação) é experienciado de forma passageira, não o experienciando de forma intencional, resultando em relações instáveis e perceções negativas quanto a si (ao Eu) e ao Outro.
A psychopathic individual is notoriously known for the use of an “mask”, hiding their true intentions towards the relationships he establishes himself. A psychopathic individual may evaluate another person in order to value their gratification (money, power, sex ou influence) that the other has to provide, regardless of the setting he is on. Aim: The following study intends to explore thoroughly the meaning that the psychopathic individuals give to their personal and social world with the intent of, in addiction, discover a common structure of the interpersonal relationships of a psychopathic individual. Method: Data collection was achieved through the instrument Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Six participants were collected with a score of 25 or above on the PCL-R, where the individuals report several experiences and emotions about their relationships and themselves. Data analysis was executed through an interpretative phenomenological analysis from Jonathan Smith. Results: Individual and global analysis of the six participants was able to conceive a general structure about the interpersonal relationship phenomenon of the psychopathic individuals, mostly on a family, romantic/sexual level and with the Other, and the perception of the themselves within the group of the study, leading to an inability of establishing a concise and stable relationship. Conclusion: The results are validated with previous literature about psychopathy and the way that the individual with that kind of personality engage with other people. It was ascertained that the relationship experience was unstable due to them, considering the possibility that the intention was corrupted by their conscience (Self) and that the phenomenon (relationship) was experienced in a temporary way, not experiencing it on a deliberating way, leading to unstable relations and negative perceptions towards themselves (Self) and the Other.
A psychopathic individual is notoriously known for the use of an “mask”, hiding their true intentions towards the relationships he establishes himself. A psychopathic individual may evaluate another person in order to value their gratification (money, power, sex ou influence) that the other has to provide, regardless of the setting he is on. Aim: The following study intends to explore thoroughly the meaning that the psychopathic individuals give to their personal and social world with the intent of, in addiction, discover a common structure of the interpersonal relationships of a psychopathic individual. Method: Data collection was achieved through the instrument Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Six participants were collected with a score of 25 or above on the PCL-R, where the individuals report several experiences and emotions about their relationships and themselves. Data analysis was executed through an interpretative phenomenological analysis from Jonathan Smith. Results: Individual and global analysis of the six participants was able to conceive a general structure about the interpersonal relationship phenomenon of the psychopathic individuals, mostly on a family, romantic/sexual level and with the Other, and the perception of the themselves within the group of the study, leading to an inability of establishing a concise and stable relationship. Conclusion: The results are validated with previous literature about psychopathy and the way that the individual with that kind of personality engage with other people. It was ascertained that the relationship experience was unstable due to them, considering the possibility that the intention was corrupted by their conscience (Self) and that the phenomenon (relationship) was experienced in a temporary way, not experiencing it on a deliberating way, leading to unstable relations and negative perceptions towards themselves (Self) and the Other.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário na área de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Psicopatia Relação interpessoal Análise fenomenológica interpretativa PCL-R Psychopathy Interpersonal relationship Interpretative phenomenological analysis