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PortNE - Representações da negligência em Portugal: Contributos para uma abordagem preventiva da violência nos idosos
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| 4.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento populacional é um fenómeno global que requer respostas eficazes para assegurar o bem-estar e a segurança das pessoas idosas. Dos múltiplos desafios associados a esta realidade, a negligência nos idosos destaca-se como um tipo de violência de difícil identificação, comprometendo a qualidade de vida desta população. Esta problemática tem raízes multifatoriais, incluindo fatores individuais, relacionais, comunitários e sociais, que interagem de forma complexa ao longo do ciclo de vida. A compreensão destes fatores é fundamental para a implementação de estratégias de intervenção preventivas e eficazes. O projeto PortNE teve como objetivo principal analisar a violência por negligência em idosos em Portugal, explorando os fatores psicossociais associados e as representações sociais deste fenómeno. Com um desenho metodológico misto, esta investigação foi desenvolvida em duas fases: uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa. Na primeira fase, a quantitativa (capítulos 3 e 4), foram realizadas análises com uma amostra de 1101 idosos portugueses, com o intuito de estudar a vulnerabilidade à violência e aos indicadores de exposição à negligência, bem como o impacto de variáveis ecológicas associadas, como resiliência, solidão, suporte social, sentido de comunidade e idadísmo. Os resultados revelaram que aproximadamente 27% dos participantes apresentavam sinais de vulnerabilidade à violência. Para além disso, fatores como baixo suporte social e baixa perceção de sentido de comunidade demonstraram estar significativamente associadas aos indicadores de exposição à negligência. Na segunda fase, a qualitativa (capítulo 5), foram conduzidas entrevistas com 52 idosos com o propósito de aprofundar a compreensão das perceções sobre a negligência nos idosos. A análise temática identificou fatores etiológicos proximais, tais como dinâmicas familiares e dificuldades económicas, mas também identificou fatores distais, isto é, a sobrecarga emocional dos cuidadores e a desvalorização social dos idosos. As medidas preventivas identificadas nesta fase incluem estratégias ativas, como o fortalecimento da autonomia dos idosos, e estratégias passivas, como a capacitação de cuidadores e campanhas de sensibilização para o idadísmo. Os resultados demonstram que a negligência nos idosos resulta da interação de diversos fatores, destacando-se a influência negativa da solidão, do idadísmo e da falta de suporte social. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que idosos com maior resiliência apresentavam menor perceção de exposição à negligência, sugerindo que esta competência pode desempenhar um papel de fator protetor. A nível prático, estes resultados salientam a necessidade de implementar programas comunitários de inclusão social e políticas de apoio ao cuidador informal.
Population aging is a global phenomenon that requires effective responses to ensure the well-being and safety of older adults. Among the many challenges associated with this reality, neglect of older adults stands out as a form of violence that is difficult to identify, compromising the quality of life of this population. This issue has multifactorial roots, including individual, relational, community and social factors, which interact in a complex way throughout the life cycle. Understanding these factors is crucial for implementing preventive and effective intervention strategies. The main objective of the PortNE project was to analyze neglect-related violence in seniors in Portugal, exploring the associated psychosocial factors and social representations of this phenomenon. With a mixed-methods design, this research was developed in two phases: one quantitative and the other qualitative. In the first phase, the quantitative (chapters 3 and 4), analyses were carried out with a sample of 1101 Portuguese older adults to study vulnerability to violence and indicators of exposure to neglect, as well as the impact of associated ecological variables such as resilience, loneliness, social support, sense of community and ageism. The results revealed that approximately 27% of the participants showed signs of vulnerability to violence. Moreover, factors such as low social support and low perception of a sense of community were significantly associated with indicators of exposure to neglect. In the second phase, the qualitative (chapter 5), interviews were conducted with 52 older adults to deepen the understanding of their perceptions about neglect in seniors. The thematic analysis identified proximal etiological factors, such as family dynamics and economic difficulties, but also identified distal factors, namely, caregiver emotional overload and the social devaluation of the older adult. Preventive measures identified in this phase include active strategies, such as strengthening the autonomy of the older adults, and passive strategies, such as caregiver training and awareness campaigns on ageism. The results demonstrate that neglect in older adults results from the interaction of various factors, highlighting the negative influence of loneliness, ageism and lack of social support. Additionally, it was found that older individuals with greater resilience had a lower perception of exposure to neglect, suggesting that this competency may play a protective role. Practically, these results emphasize the need to implement community-based social inclusion programs and policies to support informal caregivers.
Population aging is a global phenomenon that requires effective responses to ensure the well-being and safety of older adults. Among the many challenges associated with this reality, neglect of older adults stands out as a form of violence that is difficult to identify, compromising the quality of life of this population. This issue has multifactorial roots, including individual, relational, community and social factors, which interact in a complex way throughout the life cycle. Understanding these factors is crucial for implementing preventive and effective intervention strategies. The main objective of the PortNE project was to analyze neglect-related violence in seniors in Portugal, exploring the associated psychosocial factors and social representations of this phenomenon. With a mixed-methods design, this research was developed in two phases: one quantitative and the other qualitative. In the first phase, the quantitative (chapters 3 and 4), analyses were carried out with a sample of 1101 Portuguese older adults to study vulnerability to violence and indicators of exposure to neglect, as well as the impact of associated ecological variables such as resilience, loneliness, social support, sense of community and ageism. The results revealed that approximately 27% of the participants showed signs of vulnerability to violence. Moreover, factors such as low social support and low perception of a sense of community were significantly associated with indicators of exposure to neglect. In the second phase, the qualitative (chapter 5), interviews were conducted with 52 older adults to deepen the understanding of their perceptions about neglect in seniors. The thematic analysis identified proximal etiological factors, such as family dynamics and economic difficulties, but also identified distal factors, namely, caregiver emotional overload and the social devaluation of the older adult. Preventive measures identified in this phase include active strategies, such as strengthening the autonomy of the older adults, and passive strategies, such as caregiver training and awareness campaigns on ageism. The results demonstrate that neglect in older adults results from the interaction of various factors, highlighting the negative influence of loneliness, ageism and lack of social support. Additionally, it was found that older individuals with greater resilience had a lower perception of exposure to neglect, suggesting that this competency may play a protective role. Practically, these results emphasize the need to implement community-based social inclusion programs and policies to support informal caregivers.
Description
Keywords
Idosos Negligência Representações Fatores psicossociais Medidas de prevenção Older adults Neglect Representations Psychosocial factors Preventive measures Older adults Neglect Representations Psychosocial factors Preventive measures