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Allochrony is shaped by foraging niche segregation rather than adaptation to the windscape in long-ranging seabirds
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Resumo(s)
Background Ecological segregation allows populations to reduce competition and coexist in sympatry. Using
as model organisms two closely related gadfly petrels endemic to the Madeira archipelago and breeding with a
two month allochrony, we investigated how movement and foraging preferences shape ecological segregation
in sympatric species. We tested the hypothesis that the breeding allochrony is underpinned by foraging niche
segregation. Additionally, we investigated whether our data supported the hypothesis that allochrony is driven by
species-specific adaptations to different windscapes.
Methods We present contemporaneous tracking and stable isotopes datasets for Zino’s (Pterodroma madeira) and
Desertas (Pterodroma deserta) petrels. We quantified the year-round distribution of the petrels, characterised their
isotopic niches and quantified their habitat preferences using machine learning (boosted regression trees). Hidden-
Markov-models were used to investigate the effect of wind on the central-place movement speed, and a simulation
framework was developed to investigate whether each species breeds at times when the windscape is most
favourable to sustain their trips.
Results Despite substantial spatial overlap throughout the year, the petrels exhibited diverging isotopic niches and
habitat preferences during breeding. Both species used a vast pelagic region in the North Atlantic, but targeted two
different mesopelagic ecoregions and showed a preference for habitats mostly differing in sea surface temperature
values. Based on our simulation framework, we found that both species would perform trips of similar speed during
the other species’ breeding season.
Conclusions The different breeding schedules between the species are underpinned by differences in foraging
habitat preferences and adaptation to the local environment, rather than to the windscape. Nevertheless, the larger
Desertas petrels exploited significantly windier conditions, potentially unsustainable for the smaller Zino’s petrels.
Furthermore, due to larger mass and likely higher fasting endurance, Desertas petrels engaged in central-placeforaging
movements that covered more ground and lasted longer than those of Zino’s petrels. Ultimately, patterns
of ecological segregation in sympatric seabirds are shaped by a complex interplay between foraging and movement
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Allochrony Ecological segregation Flight behaviour Foraging niche Pterodroma Seabird Wind
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ventura, F., Granadeiro, J. P., Catry, P., Gjerdrum, C., De Pascalis, F., Viveiros, F., Silva, I., Menezes, D., Paiva, V. H., & Silva, M. C. (2024). Allochrony is shaped by foraging niche segregation rather than adaptation to the windscape in long-ranging seabirds. Movement Ecology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00463-z
Editora
BioMed Central Ltd