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Associação entre traços de autismo e distância interpessoal: Impacto da alexitimia, ansiedade social e expressões faciais emocionais
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A distância interpessoal de conforto (DistConf) reflete a perceção individual do espaço de segurança em contextos sociais. Embora modulada por diversas características, a literatura não investigou até ao momento, de forma direta e controlada, o papel de traços elevados de autismo na DistConf em adultos. Esta lacuna é particularmente relevante na população feminina, frequentemente sub-representada na investigação. Além disso, nenhum estudo analisou simultaneamente a variação emocional das faces, o sexo do interlocutor e a regulação contínua da DistConf, controlando de forma conjunta comorbilidade, como a ansiedade social e a alexitimia.
Para explorar estas questões, participaram 187 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com idades
entre 18 e 50 anos. Cada participante realizou, num computador, uma tarefa em que ajustou com um joystick a distância de conforto (62 cm a 20 m, sem limite de tempo) perante faces masculinas e femininas a expressar raiva, felicidade e neutra, imaginando uma interação social.
Em seguida, preencheram questionários de autorrelato para avaliar traços de autismo (AQ-50), alexitimia (TAS-20) e ansiedade social (LSAS).
Os resultados indicaram que níveis mais elevados de traços de autismo, mesmo após o controlo dos traços de alexitimia e de ansiedade social, se associaram a uma menor aproximação
a faces do sexo feminino com a expressão de felicidade, evidenciando um efeito conjunto do sexo, emoção e dos traços de autismo. Este padrão salienta a complexidade dos fatores que influenciam a DistConf e destaca o papel de variáveis motivacionais, contextuais e individuais na regulação deste comportamento.
Interpersonal comfort distance (DistConf) reflects an individual's perception of safe space in social contexts. Although modulated by several characteristics, the literature has not yet directly and in a controlled manner investigated the role of high autism traits in DistConf in adults. This gap is particularly relevant in the female population, which is frequently underrepresented in research. Furthermore, no study has simultaneously analyzed the emotional variation of faces, the sex of the interlocutor, and the continuous regulation of DistConf, while jointly controlling for comorbidities such as social anxiety and alexithymia. To explore these questions, 187 female individuals, aged 18 to 50, participated. Each participant performed a computer-based task in which they adjusted the comfort distance (62 cm to 20 m, with no time limit) using a joystick when presented with male and female faces expressing anger, happiness, and neutral, imagining a social interaction. The participants then completed self-report questionnaires to assess autistic traits (AQ-50), alexithymia (TAS-20), and social anxiety (LSAS). The results indicated that higher levels of autistic traits, even after controlling for alexithymia and social anxiety, were associated with less proximity to female faces expressing happiness, demonstrating a combined effect of gender, emotion, and autistic traits. This comfort highlights the complexity of the factors that influence behavioral interpersonal distance and highlights the role of motivational, contextual, and individual variations in regulating this behavior.
Interpersonal comfort distance (DistConf) reflects an individual's perception of safe space in social contexts. Although modulated by several characteristics, the literature has not yet directly and in a controlled manner investigated the role of high autism traits in DistConf in adults. This gap is particularly relevant in the female population, which is frequently underrepresented in research. Furthermore, no study has simultaneously analyzed the emotional variation of faces, the sex of the interlocutor, and the continuous regulation of DistConf, while jointly controlling for comorbidities such as social anxiety and alexithymia. To explore these questions, 187 female individuals, aged 18 to 50, participated. Each participant performed a computer-based task in which they adjusted the comfort distance (62 cm to 20 m, with no time limit) using a joystick when presented with male and female faces expressing anger, happiness, and neutral, imagining a social interaction. The participants then completed self-report questionnaires to assess autistic traits (AQ-50), alexithymia (TAS-20), and social anxiety (LSAS). The results indicated that higher levels of autistic traits, even after controlling for alexithymia and social anxiety, were associated with less proximity to female faces expressing happiness, demonstrating a combined effect of gender, emotion, and autistic traits. This comfort highlights the complexity of the factors that influence behavioral interpersonal distance and highlights the role of motivational, contextual, and individual variations in regulating this behavior.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Distância interpessoal Autismo Alexitimia Ansiedade social Expressões faciais emocionais