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Intervenção psicológica com migrantes: Contributos para a conceptualizaçao e a mensuração
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Encontramos nos estudos sobre migração um enviesamento do foco, que recai sobretudo sobre
os migrantes e os transtornos da migração, numa abordagem muitas vezes patologizante de uma
experiência psicossocial complexa. Do outro lado, há estudos sobre questões relativas ao acesso de
migrantes aos cuidados de saúde mental. Porém, são escassos os estudos que focam a intervenção
psicológica dos psicólogos e psicoterapeutas. Três principais contributos foram identificados: 1) a
importância da formação teórica, na crítica do eurocentrismo e herança colonial, 2) a necessidade da
flexibilidade da abordagem clínica, para adaptação de técnicas para o atendimento da diversidade, 3) o
desenvolvimento pessoal do profissional de saúde, como agente de mudança, aberto a curiosidade e que
explora as diferenças culturais. O objetivo deste estudo, num primeiro momento, foi desenvolver e
validar o Questionário de Normas e Práticas de Intervenção Psicológica/Psicoterapêutica com Migrantes
(QNPIPM). Posteriormente, buscou-se mapear o que os profissionais de saúde mental consideram
importante fazer (normas prescritivas) e a sua prática clínica efetiva, assim como, explorar como a
heterogeneidade nas experiências pessoais dos profissionais influenciam estas práticas. 169 psicólogos
clínicos ou psicoterapeutas participaram, sendo que a maioria tem nacionalidade portuguesa, residência
em Portugal e se identificam como brancos/de origem europeia. Os resultados indicam que, em geral,
as normas prescritivas apresentam valores médios mais elevados que as práticas efetivas para as
diferentes dimensões formação teórica, adaptação técnica e de fatores do profissional. O resultado se
repete com profissionais com experiência migratória. A discussão tem em conta as implicações teóricas
e clínicas
ABSTRACT: In studies on migration, we found a biased focus, which falls mainly on migrants and migration disorders, in an approach that is often pathologizing a complex psychosocial experience. On the other hand, there are studies on issues related to migrants' access to mental health care. However, there are a handful of studies that focus on the psychological intervention of psychologists and psychotherapists. Three main contributions were identified: 1) the importance of theoretical training, in the criticism of Eurocentrism and colonial heritage, 2) the need for flexibility in the clinical approach to adapt techniques to meet diversity, 3) the personal development of the health professional, as an agent of change, open to curiosity and exploring cultural differences. The objective of this study, initially, was to develop and validate the Questionnaire of Standards and Practices of Psychological/Psychotherapist Intervention with Migrants (QNPIPM). Subsequently, we sought to map what mental health professionals consider important to do (prescriptive standards) and their effective clinical practice, as well as to explore how the heterogeneity in the personal experiences of professionals influences these practices. 169 clinical psychologists or psychotherapists participated, the majority of whom are Portuguese nationals, reside in Portugal and identify as white/of European origin. The results indicate that, in general, prescriptive standards present higher average values than effective practices for the different dimensions of theoretical training, technical adaptation and professional factors. The result repeats itself with professionals with migratory experience. The discussion takes into account the theoretical and clinical implications.
ABSTRACT: In studies on migration, we found a biased focus, which falls mainly on migrants and migration disorders, in an approach that is often pathologizing a complex psychosocial experience. On the other hand, there are studies on issues related to migrants' access to mental health care. However, there are a handful of studies that focus on the psychological intervention of psychologists and psychotherapists. Three main contributions were identified: 1) the importance of theoretical training, in the criticism of Eurocentrism and colonial heritage, 2) the need for flexibility in the clinical approach to adapt techniques to meet diversity, 3) the personal development of the health professional, as an agent of change, open to curiosity and exploring cultural differences. The objective of this study, initially, was to develop and validate the Questionnaire of Standards and Practices of Psychological/Psychotherapist Intervention with Migrants (QNPIPM). Subsequently, we sought to map what mental health professionals consider important to do (prescriptive standards) and their effective clinical practice, as well as to explore how the heterogeneity in the personal experiences of professionals influences these practices. 169 clinical psychologists or psychotherapists participated, the majority of whom are Portuguese nationals, reside in Portugal and identify as white/of European origin. The results indicate that, in general, prescriptive standards present higher average values than effective practices for the different dimensions of theoretical training, technical adaptation and professional factors. The result repeats itself with professionals with migratory experience. The discussion takes into account the theoretical and clinical implications.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação da Prof.ª Doutora Mariana
Pires de Miranda e co-orientação da
Prof.ª Doutora Luana Cunha ferreira
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia
Clínica.
Keywords
Profissionais de saúde mental Migrantes Práticas clínicas Intervenção Normas sociais